English for Specific Purposes According to Teodorescu (2010), English for Specific Purposes (ESP) came into existence soon after the Second World War as there was a huge expansion of science, technology, and business all over the world and it became essential to have an international language for specialists. Later on, ESP became so popular that it is an important branch of English Language Teaching (ELT). Therefore, ESP which has the subcomponent like English for Science and Technology (EST) and it is further minimized to English for Engineering. Adriana Teodorescu (2010). The biggest advantage of any ESP/EST course is that it mainly emphasizes on the learner-centred and the designed course is based on the needs of the learners. Adriana …show more content…
defined the term needs analysis which is also known as needs assessment in 1999 (as cited in Rayan 2008) as those activities that basically involved in collecting information which will serve as the basis for developing a curriculum where the needs of the particular group of learners are met. When a course on English for Engineering is designed after consulting with professional engineers, EST practitioners and students it is likely to be more effective than the course which designed without consulting the stakeholders. There are many courses which were identified to ineffective if they do not reflect the learner’s present and target needs. And it is mainly because the most of the courses are designed based on their experience. However, it becomes very important to understand the needs of the learners in the beginning and design the course on Engineering English which is based on the finding of the needs assessment. Many researchers and the authors who have acknowledged the importance of the needs analysis are Munby, 1978; Richterich and Chancrel, 1987; Hutchinson and Waters, 1987; Berwick, 1989; Tarone and Yule, 1989; Robinson, 1991; Johns, 1991; West, 1994; Allison et al, 1994; Seedhouse, 1995; Jordan, 1997; Dudley-Evans and St. John, 1998; Iwei et al. 1999; Hamp-Lyons, 2001; and Finney, 2002 as cited in Rayan …show more content…
The Communicative Competence Specification: The translated profile of needs is when the communicative competence specification highlights the target communicative competence of the participant. As stated by Hutchinson and Waters (1987) that the impact of the processing data by means of Munby’s model is what the learner needs to be aware in order to function effectively in the target language. (as cited by Rayan 2008) According to Hutchinson and Waters (1987) when it comes to writing a target profile of each student on the basis of Munby’s model, it is always time-consuming where it only considers one viewpoint, it does not take into account of learning needs nor does it make a differentiation between necessities, wants and lacks (as cited Rayan 2008). Present Situation Analysis Present Situation Analysis which is also known as PSA, it may be stated as a complement to target situation analysis (as stated by Robinson, 1991; Jordan, 1997). Present situation analysis tries to identify what the learners are like at the beginning only when if target situation analysis attempts to establish what learners are expected to be like at the end of the language course. Dudley-Evans and St. John (1998: 125) quotes that “a PSA estimates strengths and weaknesses in language, skills, learning experiences” (cited in Rayan 2008: 30). In other words, when the first starting point is defined through PSA than the learner's
ESL is stands for English as a Second Language, which is a program that?s mainly developed to supplement the Bilingual Education in order to give extra help to the immigrants to learn English. ?The profession of teaching English as a second language within the United States began to expand in the 1960s in response to increasing numbers of immigrant and refugee children entering the country, as well as to the growing numbers of international students attending U.S. universities? (Collier and Ovando, 1998). Students in the ESL program receive the instruction of their level of English proficiency, so they can learn the English from the very basic level. Once they get better with their English skills, they will be able to move out the ESL program and be as competitive as the native speakers of English in other subject classes. The first decades of ESL programs fails to help students with academic work in math, science, social studies, and other curricular areas but English. In order to improve this situation, ESL programs started to focus more in helping students with their academic works during the 1950s and 1960s (Collier and Ovando, 1998).
Be able to contribute to assessments of the development needs of children and young people.
Identifying needs Identifying needs is a type of function of research. Identifying needs is when any type of information is collected for research to help people with their needs. This may include if a patient has been referred to a health and social care environment such as hospital, they would usually get a medical history based on the past and current health statues of the patient. This would be beneficial to the doctors as it will help them to make the patient have examinations based on their health condition. Highlighting gaps in provision
In this paper I will complete a needs assessment and explain how I used the assessment to help complete my course project. By doing so, I hope to help the reader understand the process involved in developing a training strategy to address the needs that will be identified.
A needs assessment encourages supportive relationships to reduce the risk of abuse and neglect, a demonstration of a needs assessment is as follows: Needs assessment is the key to ensuring that the required range and capacity of services is available and accessible to service users and their families in a local area. A good need assessment process will:
Morrison describes “six identifiable categories of needs are used for planning and conducting a needs assessment.” (2013, p.31) Identifying the needs for Khepera Charter School falls under the anticipated or future needs category. Anticipated needs focus upon possible changes that will occur in the future. To identify the type of need, “interviews and questionnaires.” (Morrison et al., 2013, p.34)
* Identify needs; normally done before any teaching, agreeing Individual Learning Plan, signposting to other professional bodies. Being aware of your own boundaries and limitations, determining a suitable physical learning environment for the learning experience to take place that factors individual learner needs.
A needs assessment is the initial step in revising a current curriculum or initiating a new educational program (Keating, 2015). Once a problem is identified, a more targeted needs assessment can be determined (Bass & Chen, 2016). From this needs assessment, identifiable, measurable objectives for developing a curriculum can be initiated (Kern, 2016).
Identifying needs, eg initial assessment, LNA/TNA (learning or training needs analysis), qualification requirements, physical or intellectual and emotional needs, learning
Learners’ particular literacy, language, numeracy and ICT needs can be established through initial assessment, talking to learners, observing them completing activities or using simple self assessment tests.
| might affect how a learner can interact with others or how they view learning especially if they have had previously bad experiences of education.
The fourth model is the ecological model. In this approach, the student’s behavior is seen as a result of their environment. Problems occur when a person’s needs or character do not match their environment. This is when proper placement is imperative (Yell, et al, 2009).
In today’s society, there are many reasons why people in the world need to know the fundamentals of using Standard English. When working in a business environment, we as employees need to know how to use Standard English to compete in the world and become successful. Many opportunities and rewards can come from learning how to use proper Standard English. There are many reasons why people should use Standard English in an office or workspace frequently, and using non-standard English can lead to many effects on your outlook as a professional.
ESL students are students that speak English as a second language. Presently, there is many different system to characterize this type of students (qtd in Shi, Steen 63). For example, they can be seen as “English Language Learners (ELL), English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL), English Language Development (ELD), English Language Service (ELS), and
Need is defined as “the gap between current results and desired results-not gaps in resources, methods, procedures or means.” (Kaufman, 1992) Hence, the management focuses on the organization’s priority, which is the ‘What’ issue. It is important to identify the correct need to prevent wasting resources fixing the wrong needs.