Diabetes : A Metabolic Disorder

Diabetes is a very common chronic medial disorder and expected to be a big medical challenge of the twenty first century (Clark, 2004). It is a condition, in which the glucose level in the blood becomes so high that the body is unable to utilize it properly. This long-term condition results when the pancreas of the victim is either not able to produce enough insulin (sometimes even cannot produce any insulin) or the insulin produced cannot work properly. Diabetes is divided into two main types: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1, also known as insulin dependent diabetes milletus (Masharani, 2008) cannot be prevent while Type 2 can be prevented but if the patient is at pre-diabetes stage.

While this makes the issue of pre-diabetic screening for individuals aged 20 years and over even more relevant and urgent, certain issues must be considered in the spectre of public health. Current suggestions have considered that the screening of young adults for pre-diabetes needs to be more advanced. Data clearly shows that 30 percent of individuals with undiagnosed type II diabetes have a nondiabetic fasting glucose but still are at high risk of cardiovascular disease (The National Diabetes Services Scheme (NDSS), 2008). Therefore, this suggests that oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) should be part of mandatory screenings (Alberti & Yach, 2003). Certified sources have reviewed this suggestion, such as the World Health Organisation, who recommended its use on adults, specifically for those who suffer from nondiabetic fasting glucose. Moreover, recommendations for future annual screening for pre-diabetes for individuals 20 years and over will result to more effective and efficient management and prevention of the adverse consequences of the disease. These include screening individuals with only increased blood pressure. Individuals who not meet

Diabetes is primarily diagnosed based on blood tests evaluating your glucose levels and hemoglobin A1C. Hemoglobin A1C gives your doctor an idea of how well your diabetes has been controlled in the past several months. The

In 2009 the International Expert Committee, which consisted of experts from the American Diabetes Association (ADA), the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, and the International Diabetes Federation, released a report that recommended the use of Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) to diagnose diabetes (American Diabetes Association [ADA], 2013; International Expert Committee, 2009). HbA1c is a widely used marker of chronic glycemia, because it reflects an individual’s average blood glucose levels over a 2-3 month time period (ADA, 2013). Also, HbA1c is largely used as the standard biomarker for the adequacy of individuals’ glycemic management (ADA, 2013; Bao et al., 2010).

Diabetes Mellitus is a group of diseases accumulating together, which will then affect how the body uses blood sugar (glucose). Glucose is the body’s energy mechanism to feed the cells and give strength to muscles and tissues. Glucose comes from the things you eat, mostly from the foods or drinks that include large amounts of sugar. “Diabetes is one of the most common diseases in the US. It is estimated that 16.7 million US adults (about 7% of the total adult US population) have diagnosed diabetes. About 1 million new cases of diabetes are diagnosed annually.” (Pittas, 2008) The main organ that is affected is the pancreas. With this disease, the levels of glucose are too low or too high, then insulin can be produced in the body. Insulin regulates

Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by the body’s inability to metabolize glucose. Glucose is the body’s main source of fuel for energy. Too much or too little of it can cause some serious complications in the body. Normal glucose level in the blood should be between 70-120mg/dl. An increased level of more than 250 mg/dl is called hyperglycemia. Signs and symptoms “include the three ‘polys’: polyuria (excessive urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst), and polyphagia (excessive hunger)” (Rosdahl, 2012). Other signs and symptoms may include

The patients’ blood is drawn on two separate occasions.” Blood fasting glucose is the best indicator of blood homeostasis and is the preferred method of diagnosing diabetes.” Postprandial blood glucose sampling is also another test done to determine blood glucose level.” Postprandial testing samples are drawn every two hours after a meal to detect the efficiency of the insulin. “Oral glucose test that is done by drinking 8 ounces of a sweet liquid that will also measure the blood glucose levels checking after one hour and then again after two hours.” Normal blood glucose levels should be 70-125

There are no designated “stages” for type 2 diabetes or diabetes overall. Progression rates are completely dependent on the person’s body and how it reacts to the disease. Medications and treatments tend to be more intense when initially diagnosed. Diagnosis of diabetes can be achieved in various ways. Some of these ways include random blood sugar tests, fasting plasma glucose tests (FPG), and glycated hemoglobin (A1C) tests. The most common diagnostic tool is the glycated hemoglobin test, also known as an A1C test. This tests the blood to show a person’s average blood glucose level from the past 2-3 months. Typically, if a person has an A1C level of above 6.5 percent, then they are considered diabetic. If their level is between 5.7-6.4 percent,

The purpose of this case study is to develop a deeper understanding of the disease process of a patient who has been with recently diagnosed with diabetes. The data collected will allow development of a plan of care for the patient including, drug therapy and education on current diagnosis. The patient in question is a 32 year old male with complaints of fatigue, thirst and frequent urination. A finger stick reveals the patient’s blood glucose level is 466. The patient in this case is prescribed oral and subcutaneous medication for diabetes by the provider.

Diagnosis: Diabetes mellitus can be diagnosed by performing blood chemistry or urinalysis. An affected specimen would have pale urine, with a low specific gravity and presence of glucose.

The cardinal sign and symptoms of diabetes are increase thirst, hunger, fatigue, increase urination, and blurred vision. However, the symptoms unique to women are: vaginal and oral yeast infections and vaginal thrush, urinary infections, female sexual dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) (ADA, 20169. The criteria for diagnosis of diabetes are: Hemoglobin A1C is greater than 6.5%, fasting plasma glucose greater than 126 mg/dl, 2-hr plasma glucose greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl or a random plasma glucose greater or equal to 200 mg/dl with symptoms polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and unexplained weight loss. Many patients can manage their diabetes by exercising, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding smoking cigarettes, and a healthy diet (ADA, 2016). As a NP student, it is important to know the most current information on diabetes and the appropriate websites to obtain the information from like Up-To-Date, American Diabetes Association, and mobile APPs that make visits more effective is point-of-care education such as: iMedicalApps (http://www.imedicalapps.com/), Epocrates (http://www.epocrates.com, and MedscapeMobile (http://www.medscape.com/public/iphone). These websites and mobile apps makes it easier to review potential diagnosis, give pointers on appropriate education, and management of the disease. The NP student may also find these websites beneficial to use or have

“Diabetes is a condition in which the body is unable to control the level of glucose in the blood. Normally this control is managed by the action of the hormone insulin, which is made in the pancreas.” (Food Technology in action 2011, page 316-317)Diabetes is known as a chronic disease with serious complications, and it “is the name given to a group of different conditions in which there is too much glucose in the blood.” (Nutrition the inside story 2008, page 132)

Diabetes mellitus, often simply called diabetes, is one of the most common diseases in the world with approximately 7.8% of the American population or 24 million Americans suffering from the disease (Cuppett). Of this proportion, about 5.7 million people do not actually know they have the condition (Cuppett). This disease is characterized by the body’s inability to effectively produce or utilize insulin (Cuppett). There are three types of diabetes in which a person can be diagnosed with, type 1 or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), type 2 or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is associated with the inability of the body to produce insulin and accounts for only approximately

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from a lack of insulin, a lack of Insulin effect, or sometimes both. Diabetes can lead to serious complications if not maintained properly. Long term consequences of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus include blindness, kidney failure, heart failure, stroke, and foot or leg amputations. There are three classifications of Diabetes these include type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. .

The outer uses an evidence-based approach to identify the problems and the proper solutions. He illustrates the useful methods of prevention and screening the at-risk people and pharmaceutical intervention, and beneficial lifestyle changes. In addition, the outer points out about giving proper knowledge to the individuals and healthcare professionals to catch the early symptoms to avoid diabetes illness. The source is very helpful for those who are interested about the diabetes issues such as public health workers, specialists, and the diabetes patients. The outer stress about the programs that can prevent of diabetes (Peter Schwarz, 2013). The source is peer- reviewed and reliable. It`s a very useful reference to research about the diabetes issue and the methods of prevention of the