Osteosarcoma Essay

2). In addition, this disease causes death, short stature, blindness, and hearing loss. “Seventy percent of children with malignant infantile osteoporosis die by the age of six years, and almost 100 percent do not live to the age of 10 years” (Stocks et al., p. 2). The main cause of death is bone marrow failure, due to non-functioning osteoclasts. Some children will also have delays in muscle coordination, nerve compression, low levels of iron, crossed eyes, tooth decay, abnormal hardening of the bones, and fractures. (“Osteopetrosis,” 2008).

Osteosarcoma is an ancient disease that still has some mystery behind it. Osteosarcoma is a type of cancer that starts in the bones. It is also the most common type of bone cancer, and makes up 65% of all bone cancer. However, it is a very rare cancer and has fewer than 20,000 cases per year in The USA. The cells that form an osteosarcoma make bone matrix, similar to osteoblasts. However, the bone matrix of an osteosarcoma is not as strong as a bone matrix from an osteoblast, and therefore is not as strong as normal bones. The most common age group affected by osteosarcoma is children and young adults. However, osteosarcoma can occur at any age. Osteosarcoma is most commonly found in areas of the bone that grow quickly, which is why children are more likely to get this type of cancer. The most common place to find osteosarcoma is the end of long bones, especially in the knee, distal femur, and proximal tibia. The proximal humerus is typically the most common site. The treatments of

Central Idea: Metastatic bone cancer also known as Osteosarcoma is rare cancer that has no cure. For That reason, more funding and research need to go treatment.

Osteosarcoma(OS) is a primary malignant tumor of bone which is characterized by the formation of osteoid tissue. Although it is the most common malignancy of long bones after multiple myeloma [2], it is a relatively rarer entity in the craniofacial region. About 6% of Oss arise in the jaws .The estimated incidence of the new cases of Jaw OS (JOS) per year is 0 .07 in 100,000. (1) The etiology of OS is unknown, but some risk factors such as a previous history of ionizing radiation, alkylating agent, retinoblastoma and benign bone lesions such as paget disease and fibro osseous dysplasia have been associated with the development of head and neck OS.(2-4) JOS occur with a peak in the third through fifth decades of life. The mean age is

A related phrase described by Waddington to help elaborate the phenomenon of epigenetics, the ‘epigenetic landscape’ attempts to explain how identical genotypes could result in a wide variety of phenotypic variation through the process of development. This epigenetic landscape can be dynamic – capturing genetic, environmental, and cell lineage effects – and has been shown to be at least partly heritable. (Szyf, M. (2015) Nongenetic inheritance and transgenerational epigenetics. Trends Mol. Med. 21, 134–144). The epigenetic code is hypothesized to be a defining code in every eukaryotic cell consisting of the specific epigenetic modifications in each cell. While in one individual the genetic code in each cell is the same, the epigenetic code is tissue & cell

Epigenetics is the study of cellular and physiological traits that are not caused by changes in the DNA sequence but they are triggered by chemical reactions that activate and deactivate parts of the genome and in specific locations. Therefore, epigenetics is the study of chemical reactions and factors that influence them. Hypothetically, epigenetics has the huge potential in terms of the uncovering genetic development of organisms, including humans, and the impact of chemical reactions that occur under the impact of various factors and affect genome activation and deactivation in specific locations. In this regard, further studies and development of epigenetics is essential but the impact and role of epigenetics should not be overestimated

Imagine if every time your knee was sore, or your arm was sore, you had to go see the doctors. This commonly happens to children, and adults who are diagnosed with Osteosarcoma. Since Osteosarcoma is a bone tumor/cancer, the symptoms and treatment have an impact on everyday life.

during adolescent growth, which could be why 80% of all osteosarcoma childhood cases occur in the lower long bones and at the time of puberty (Mirabello & Savage 5). The chances of a cell dividing uncontrollably are increased at a time of rapid cell growth when there is many more cells dividing that could go suddenly go uncontrolled, and therefore the answer of how osteosarcoma is ignited could lie in puberty. On the contrary, the answer may be found in a small gene that prevents osteosarcoma patients from responding well to the chemotherapy treatment.

There are 206 bones in the adult human skeleton; these bones relate to movement, posture, and protect internal organs (American society of Clinical Oncology, 2012).Bones connect to bones with ligaments and are covered and protected by cartilage (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012).Cancer of the bone is rare but is caused by normal bone marrow and tissues inside the bone that change and form tumors(American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). The tumor happens in the bone and is benign it does not spread (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). The benign tumor can press against surrounding tissues and weaken the bone it it grows big enough (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). Malignant bone tumors break the surrounding tissue and cortex, hard covering of the bone (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). The tumor can then get into the bloodstream and spread all over the body (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). Osteosarcoma and ewing sarcoma are the two most common type of bone cancer (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). Chondrosarcoma is more common in adults and is cancer of the cartilage (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). The last type of bone cancer is chordoma which usually starts in the lower spinal cord (American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012). Ewing sarcoma is a type of bone cancer that affects the hip, rib, and middle of bone most often (National Cancer Institution, 2015). Ewing

Out of all bone cancers, Osteosarcoma is the most common type. It effects about 3% of children with cancer

Vitamin intake is a commonly overlooked necessity in basic nutritional health. What most people do not know is that certain vitamin deficiencies can cause many health risks and problems. Many people believe that are getting all the vitamins they need from their diet, however most of the time they are not. One of the most common vitamin deficiencies is the low intake of Vitamin D. There are some vitamins that are produced by the body such as vitamin K; however some of the most important vitamins are not produced by the body. Vitamin D is one of the vitamins that our body needs to function correctly that is not naturally produced by the body. Vitamin D can be consumed through

cause as it takes a long time for a cell to become cancerous, as there

Presently cancer kills one American every minute of ever day. There are 1,500 people diagnosed with cancer every 24 hours a day. Specifically there are many types of cancer that could make you extremely sick. Everybody in your family has probably had cancer at least once.(“Research” 3)

Bone cancer is a disease that occurs on or inside a bone. Usually, bone cancer involves a tumor filled with abnormal cells that will occasionally appear on the exterior of the bone. Similar to other types of cancer, bone cancer can be life threatening. Doctors are not completely sure what causes cancer, but they continue the search to find an answer. There are five different types of bone cancer that can affect people from ages 10-60 years old. Bone cancer can occur in any bone in the body from the legs to the head. Unfortunately, symptoms of bone cancer are not always obvious. Most of the time, pain is the most apparent symptom. When recognizing symptoms at an early stage, doctors can complete testing and supply treatment to

Bone cancer is a disease that occurs on or inside a bone. Usually, bone cancer includes a tumor filled with irregular cells that will seldom appear on the exterior of the bone. Similar to other types of cancer, bone cancer can be life threatening. There are two hundred and six bones in the body of a human. Individually every bone in the human serves numerous purposes. The bones of the human body act as the foundation that helps to support and protects our inner organs. Bone cancer is very hard to detect but if you do have it, the symptoms will progress slowly. If you have any symptoms like swelling, your joints hurting, lumps felts in your skin, or tenderness, you possibly may have bone cancer. Bone cancer can interfere with you daily activities like walking, jumping, running, or just any kind of movement. For a doctor to diagnose you with the cancer they will do many test on you like any other cancer. Just like breast cancer, bone cancer will be treated with chemotherapy, surgery and radiation. The treatment depends on the size of the