Photosynthesis Lab Report

DRG isolation, plating, and axon elongation: Adult DRG from C1 to L1 will be dissected from SD rats ≥ 8 weeks of age using standard techniques.14,32,33 Dissected DRGs are treated in 0.25% collagenase-P (Boehringer Mannheim) in Neurobasal media (Invitrogen) for 1.5 hours followed by a treatment in 0.25% trypsin in cell dissociation buffer for an additional 1.5 hours. After trypsin inhibition, the pellet will be resuspended in complete medium and mechanically separated using a fire polished pasture pipet until the DRGs are completely dissociated. The DRG cells will be plated along the elongation interface and maintained in complete growth medium consisting of Neurobasal Media supplemented with B27 (Invitrogen), 1% FBS (Hyclone) and 1mM L-Glutamine (Invitrogen), 2.5g/L glucose, and 10μg/mL 2.5S nerve growth factor (Becton Dickinson). After cells attach, DRG cultures will be immediately treated with mitotic inhibitor cocktails consisting of 5 μM cytosine arabinoside, 20 μM 5-fluoro-2’-deoxyuridine and 20 μM uridine. Five days after plating, the axon fascicles spanning the two overlapping membranes will be elongated. Stretch-induced axon elongation is controlled by

The purpose of this lab is to observe the effect of white, green, and dark light on a photosynthetic plant using a volumeter and followed by the calculation of the net oxygen production using different wavelengths color of white and green light, and also the calculation of oxygen consumption under a dark environment, and finally the calculation of the gross oxygen production.

They are especially easy to breed compared to other salamanders in their family, which are almost never captive-bred due to the demands of terrestrial life. One attractive feature for research is the large and easily manipulated embryo, which allows viewing of the full development of a vertebrate. Axolotls are used in heart defect studies due to the presence of a mutant gene that causes heart failure in embryos. Since the embryos survive almost to hatching with no heart function, the defect is very observable. The axolotl is also considered an ideal animal model for the study of neural tube closure due to the similarities between human and axoltol neural plate and tube formation, which unlike the frog, is not hidden under a layer of superficial epithelium.[15] There are also mutations affecting other organ systems some of which are not well characterized and others that are.[16] The genetics of the colour variants of the axolotl have also been widely

The latest work concerning the role of Shh in zebrafish neurulation is likely to become also published in high impact factor

I could also generate an additional KO animal in which Cre expression is limited to E11.5-E18 by injection of tamoxifen in Cre-ER fusion paradigm to investigate the effect of gene knock out during the time frame in which DA projections develop (although, tamoxifen exposure of the fetus might affect other developmental processes).

1. Sodium ions moves along its concentration gradients. There are fewer sodium ions inside of the cell, so the sodium will move from high concentration to low concentration. This results in sodium moving inside of the cell instead of outside (Marieb and Hoehn 398). 2.

An exigent circumstance is the legal right to enter a home or private property by law enforcement officers without a search warrant issued by a judge. An example of an exigent circumstance could be law enforcement officers receiving a call of domestic violence; when responding to the scene, the officers hear a woman screaming for help inside. Since the law enforcement officers would not have time to retrieve a warrant, exigent circumstances would apply to save or protect the woman that maybe in immediate danger or seriously injured. Likewise, another form of exigent circumstances would be during a traffic stop of an individual. If the individual appeared to be intoxicated, and said person had an open alcohol container in the vehicle in visible,

Both Xenopus and Zebrafish are excellent model organisms in the study of development. They can both be generated in the lab at relatively low cost and development of the embryos can be observed within a relatively short time frame. The eggs themselves are also very easy to observe due to their transparency. Xenopus can be generated through in vitro fertilisation or natural mating with an optimal temperature of 23°C (Xenbase.org 2014). Zebrafish similarly can be generated in relatively large sizes, by maintaining them on long day photoperiods of about 14 hours of light and 10 hours of dark with their development, once fertilized and incubated between 26-28°C, hatching between 3-4 days (Bradford and Sun 1994).

Performed in the practical was an experiment which was used to determine the number of dopamine D1 receptors in the striatum of a rat, along with the binding affinity of these receptors. In the total receptor binding experiment, the 3H-SCH 23390 was added to homogenised rat striatum tissue and Tris ion buffer in descending concentrations of 3H-SCH 23390. No flupentixol was added to these experiments. The lack of flupentixol allowed the binding of both specific binding to the D1 receptor and the non-specific binding to other binding sites to occur. The results in this experiment were as predicted.

The most recent discovery to provide evidence that genetics is a contributing factor to the development of FAS is the discovery of the exact locus that controls the alcohol sensitivity of the L1 protein. L1 is an essential part of the neural development of foetuses. It is located on the outside of cells and is important to the joining of cells as well as axon control and movement of cells. Phosphorylation, controlled by the enzyme ERK2, occurred inside the L1

Neuroblasts (immature nerve cells) are part of a fetus’s development process. As the fetus grows, normally, these cells are supposed to mature by birth and become nerve cells that make up the adrenal glands. However, sometimes not all these neuroblasts mature. In this case, they

Due to experimentation with the zebrafish, scientists have been able to gain insight into the formation and function of individual tissues, organ

Our discussion on embryonic neurodevelopment will begin with an embryo, which is composed of three distinct layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm). Each layer gives rise to different structures of the developing body:

Photosynthesis is a vital process that autotrophs use to transfer light energy into chemical energy. Photosynthesis ultimately produces O2 and glucose. It, like many other biological processes, can be affected by environmental variables. The variable that we altered in the following experiment are intensity, light wavelengths, and pigment types. In order to do this, we conducted three experiments. In the first experiment, we examined the effect of light intensity by placing vials with chloroplasts with DPIP at different light distances in which the results varied. Initially, 30cm away was the most effective for photosynthesis. Then 24cm appeared to be the most effective. Followed by 49cm at minutes 25 and 30. In the second experiment, we

Although most of the nervous system is developed by the time a baby is born, the development extends beyond birth. The development of this system is complex and involves many processes and phases that form what we know as our nervous system, allowing humans to think, feel, move, and function in many different and unique ways. Through a biological scope, we know that there are three phases of the developmental process. This first phase occurs during the first week and is known as the “germinal stage, the next 7 weeks of pregnancy are the embryonic period, and the final 32 weeks (weeks 9-40) are the fetal period” (Rouse, 2016). At the embryonic stage “the inner cells rearrange themselves into a disk which the embryo forms” (Rouse, 2016). The