Given the statement of the problem, the conceptual rationale was appropriate for the study.
Method
Researchers use particular methodologies to guide the study, collect samples, determine a study population, and describe interventions. The method of a research study should include protection of participants’ rights, research design, population and sample, data collection and measurement, and procedures. Researchers should state how they protect human subjects’ rights when they collect data. Research design should also be explained in details to demonstrate the purpose of a study and whether or not the design is the strongest alternative to use. Researchers should show the evidence of informed consents and an approval by an institutional review board (IRB) if human subjects are involved in a study. A target population and samples should be also included in methodologies. If power analyses are used, researchers should explain the results of the statistics and whether or not it is significant. Internal and external validity should be also evaluated to minimize biases. Potential threats to internal validity include temporal ambiguity, selection, history, maturation, mortality/attrition, and testing and instrumentation. In addition to the internal validity, the potential threats to external validity are composed of interaction between relationship and people and interaction between causal effects and treatment variation (Polit & Beck, 2012).
Protection of participants’ rights.
A research team leader will randomly select eligible participants and divided them into two equal groups, A and B. Group A pre-intervention and Group B post intervention. There are multiple delivery methods available for collection data such as interview (one-on-one, via telephone or in person), focus groups, and observation. The traditional method paper-and-pencil survey whose results are subsequently entered into a software program will be used as well as an online based collection to reducing the cost of data collection and encouraging voluntary participants. The data will be electronically downloaded directly to an Excel spreadsheet for analysis and minimizing data entry error or bias. There will be four different types
In the study, the between-groups design and the cross-sectional design were used for research. There were 243 participants between the ages of 18 and 39, and the majority were females and Caucasians. The average age was about 21 years old.
The purpose of this essay is to provide an argument for the legalization of cannabis for both medicinal and recreational use, and to bring to light some of the negative consequences that the war on drugs has caused by demonizing cannabis for over 100 years, and to show how communities are both positively affected by making cannabis legal, and negatively affected by the continued perpetuation of ignorance that has gone on for far too long. That being the illegality of the possession and consumption cannabis.
Comments: The objective of this article were clearly stated in words and also shown to readers by including charts with the information displayed regarding the objectives of this study.
In the modern age of health,education and public safety, society relies on rigorous research methods to find answers to complex issues dealing with social issues and general concerns. Ultimately, some short-term research methods may initially fail; however, continued extended research should surely result in success and benefit future generations. Depending on the topic of research; some research methods might be more appropriate than others. For example, clinical and laboratory experimental trials might receive better consummation if they use Quasi-experimental and Classical Experimental design rather than Cross Sectional Studies and Longitudinal Studies which focuses more on psychological experiments and behavior studies (Addison) (2015).
The author was very thorough in the discussion of his study. The author used a statistical table to show each area covered in the survey. The author also covered in detail the procedures they used and how they found their study subjects and the programs use to affect a positive outcome.
This section of the paper seeks to explain the steps that were taken to gather the data, the participants and sampling that were employed, the location where the data was collected, the instruments used to gather the data, ethical considerations that were thought of and the limitations and delimitation of this research.
Thus, the choice by Richmond, Merrick, Green, Dinh, & Iedema (2011) to report p-values and confidence values (CI) in establishing the significance of the results assists in enhancing the reliability and validity of the study. Whereas, Tobiano, Chaboyer, & Mcmurray (2012) adopted thematic analysis in data analysis, which facilitated flexibility while maintaining research rigor. The straightforward nature of the thematic analysis also contributes in enhancing the validity of the provided evidence. In the case of Sand-Jecklin & Sherman (2014), the presentation of the findings in terms of means, standard deviation (SD), p-values and degree of freedom (df), coupled with the use of tables in presentation facilitated easier understanding of the values and identification of any trend likely to emerge. The presentation was critical in improving the validity of the findings
Sample (sampling techniques, sample size, sample characteristics) Two authors independently reviewed the references to identify studies for inclusion and extracted data to assessed risk of bias in all included studies.
Urie Brofenbrenner is an American developmental psychologist who is best known for his Ecological Systems Theory of child development. This theory “focuses on broad, interconnected influences on human development. It proposes that we can best explain development in terms of the interactions between individuals and the environments in which they live (Mossler, 2013, Chapter 2, Section 2.6, Urie Bronfenbrenner and the Ecological Systems Theory,” para 1). While reviewing the Looking into the Past assignment I decided on the two events listed in the following pages to explain how these events and the Brofenbrenner theory affected me.
This rationale paper reviews the department of defense Inspector general. The initial mission for the department when it was formed in 1982 was to serve as an independent supervisor to the department of defense. The powers and responsibilities of the department are drawn from the inspector general Act of 1978. The key tasks of the department were to monitor, evaluate, and investigate all the operations of the department of defense. The department was also expected to provide leadership in policy development for the department. The policies should be designed to promote economic development and optimal resource allocation to enhance efficiency and effectiveness of defense programs.
They also established a control which included 80 participants where he identify the age and gender of these individuals. The author discussed the participants were recruited from specialized cerebrovascular hospitals and the control were created from family doctor practice in the same area. The author did not identify any information in regards of incentives paid to the participant. The author did not receive an approval from the IRB; however the U.K. National Health Services ethics committee approved the research completed. The author did superb on the procedure that was utilized to execute the study where I would feel competent with completing this study myself. The author identify the research design that was utilized which was between- group comparisons using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) which was adjusted for premorbid IQ. The author also identified what statistical software package that was utilized SPSS version 19. The authors identified the scale that was utilized, he utilized an alpha level of .001, but he did not identify why. The author also lacked to include any reliability and validity in regards of his method that he used for his research
The authors present students with information on the numerous decisions they must make when designing and conducting research and indicate how their early decisions affect how data are collected, analyzed, and interpreted later in the research process. A focus on the importance of ethical conduct, both in the treatment of research subjects and in the reporting of research results, directs the text.
We will recruit 120 participants to participate in this study with the expected attrition of approximately 20. All participants will be required to sign a consent form to be involved in this study (A-1). Participants will be assigned a number and then the numbers are drawn out of a hat to determine which group they are assigned to; treatment group 1, treatment group 2, treatment group 3,
A study design is the procedure that guides a researcher on how to collect, analyze and interpret observations. It is a logical model that guides the investigator while he navigates through the various stages of the research. Study types can be classified severally depending on the research strategy employed. A study type can be non-interventional that is ‘observational’ where a researcher just observes and analyses researchable objects or situations without intervening. Non-interventional study designs can be exploratory, descriptive or comparative. A study can also be