7.7 Separation of Two Solutes Having Linear Equilibrium Two solutes have a linear equilibrium with the stationary phase. Their equilibrium constants are 6.5 and 6.6, respectively. The task is to separate 20 ml of the mixture on a column 5 cm in diameter. The flow rate is 10 ml/min. Determine the minimum column length required to just separate the two compounds, with e = 0.3.
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- A scientist wishes to measure the concentration of methyl benzoate in a plant stream by gas chromatography. He prepares a sample of butyl benzoate to use as an internal standard. The results of a preliminary run, which used a solution known to contain 1.37 mg/mL of methyl benzoate (peak A) and 1.51 mg/mL of butyl benzoate (peak B), are shown. The area of peak A is determined to be 3.40×102 and the area of peak B is determined to be 398 measured in arbitrary units by the computer. To measure the sample, 1.00 mL of a standard sample of butyl benzoate containing 2.49 mg/mL is mixed with 1.00 mL of the plant stream material. Analysis of the mixture gave a peak area of 437 for peak A and 415 for peak B. What is the concentration of methyl benzoate in the plant stream?The homogeneity of the chloride level in a water sample from a lake was tested by analyzing portions drawn from the top and from near the bottom of the lake, with the following results in ppm Cl: Apply the t test at the 95% confidence level to determine if the chloride level from the top of the lake is different from that at the bottom.On a 0.109-mm-diameter column with a 0.813-μm-thick stationary phase, an unretained solute passes through the column in 2.16 min, while the analyte requires 8.29 min. Calculate the phase ratio, β, for this column. what is β? what is K (partition coefficient)?
- 4.Consider the peaks for pentafluorobenzene and benzene in the gas chromatogram shown here. The elution time for unretained solute is 1.06 min. The open tubular column is 30.0 m in length and 0.530 mm in diameter, with a layer of stationary phase 3.0 μm thick on the inner wall. a) Measruing the width, w, at the baseline on the chromatogram, find the number of plates for these two compounds b) Use your answer to (a) to find the resolution between the two peaks c) Using the number of plates N=sqrtN1*N2 with the values from (a) calcuate what the resolution should be and compare your answer with the measured resolution in bThe thiourea in a 1.455 g sample of organic material was extracted into a dilute sulfuric acid solution and titrated with 37.31 mL of 0.009372 M Hg2+ via reaction: 4(NH2)2CS + Hg2+ →[(NH2)2CS]4 Hg2+ P.S. Answer only the last two letters of the following questions. (Only C and D) a. Is this an example of total analysis technique or concentration technique? Explain. b. Calculate the percent (NH2)2CS ( 76.12 g/mol) in the sample. c. What is classification of the analysis based on the amount of sample and amount of analytes present? Explain. d. If the true value is 10.00%, calculate the absolute and relative error.Which of the following would result in an increase in the calculated ngas 10, assuming the rest of the parameters are held constant? I. Inserting 23.0 mg instead of the prescribed 15.0mg of folded Mg ribbon into the eudiometer. II. Performing the experiment in a different laboratory with a cooler temperature. III. A shorter equilibration time prior to volume measurement. IV. Acid used was 12.0 M HNO3 instead of 6.0 M HCI.
- In ion-exclusion chromatography, ions are separated from nonelectrolytes (uncharged molecules) by an ion-exchange column. Nonelectrolytes penetrate the stationary phase, whereas ions with charge of the same sign as that of the stationary phase are repelled by the stationary phase. Because electrolytes have access to less of the column volume, they are eluted before nonelectrolytes. A mixture of trichloroacetic acid (TCA, pKa 5 20.5), dichloroacetic acid (DCA, pKa 5 1.1), and monochloroacetic acid (MCA, pKa 5 2.86) was separated by passage through a cation-exchange resin eluted with 0.01 M HCl. The order of elution was TCA , DCA , MCA. Explain why the three acids are separated and the order of elution.I have set up my spreadsheet and was able to reproduce the result with a pKa of 4.64. TRUE OR FALSEStudy the tabulated data during an gravimetric analysis of BaSO4 experiment Trial T1 T2 T3 Mass of sample (g) 1.0040 1.0100 1.0050 Constant weight of empty crucible (g) 10.2453 10.2454 10.2454 Constant weight after ignition (g) 10.3253 10.3252 10.3253 1. Calculate the mean mass of precipitate as BaSO4 a. 0.0799 g b. 0.0800 c. 0.08 g 2. Calculate the mean weight of sulphate (MM BaSO4 = 233.39 g/mol, So42- = 176 g/mol)? a. 0.0603 g b. 0.06 g c. 0.06025 g 3. Calculate the mean % SO42- in the sample a. 6.00% b. 5.991% c. 5.9908%
- Which form of chromatography is INCORRECTLY defined? A. partition chromatography – solute equilibrates between the stationary liquid and the mobile phase B. affinity chromatography – solute binds to a molecule specific for the solute C. molecular exclusion chromatography – solute is separated based on size D. adsorption chromatography – solute is adsorbed into solid particles E. ion-exchange chromatography – solute ions of the opposite charge are attracted to the stationary phaseA 10-ml transfer pipet and a 200-ml volumetric flask (TC) are used to make 0.100 M and 0.0050 M solutions from a stock solution of 2.000(plus or minus) 0.005 M. Calculate the percent relative error for the three solutions if perfect technique is used. (See Garland Experiments in Physical Chemistry, 10th ed. p. 639-642) Report the two new molaritites5) Retention factors for three solutes separated on a C8 nonpolar stationary phase at pH = 3 are given. Eluant was a 70:30 vol/vol mixture of 50 mM citrate buffer and methanol. a)Draw the dominant chemical structure of each of the substances at pH = 3. b)The retention factor for acetophenone is 4.21, for salicylic acid is 2.97, and for nicotine is zero. Explain the different retention factors.