8. Explain the role of post-translational modifications of protein molecules: the formation of disulfide bridges, hydrolysis of peptide bonds under the action of specific proteases, glycosylation, phosphorylation / dephosphorylation, hydroxylation, acylation of the terminal amino transformation of the terminal carboxyl group into an amide one group and

8. Explain the role of post-translational modifications of protein molecules: the formation of disulfide bridges, hydrolysis of peptide bonds under the action of specific proteases, glycosylation, phosphorylation / dephosphorylation, hydroxylation, acylation of the terminal amino transformation of the terminal carboxyl group into an amide one group and

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter16: Regulation Of Gene Expression

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1TYK

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6. Please describe the events that may result in a mature protein not having methionine asthe N-terminal amino acid.
6 List some important types of molecular interactions involved in recognition and binding of polysaccharides and glycoconjugates.
1. What are congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs)?
1. What determines the affinity of a glycan for a GBP?
1. Use the info of this molecule as well as the attached addendum to demonstrate the flow of genetic information to protein sequence as described by the so-called “Central Dogma” . Clearly indicate the direction of your polynucleotide strands and peptide/protein. ATG GCA TGC AAT AGC TCA TGC 2. What would happen to the amino acid sequence if the underlined nucleotide (C) would change to an A?
7. A segment of a DNA strand consists of ...GCTTAGACCTGA.... (a) Identify the expected nucleotide order in the complementary mRNA (b) Identify the sequence of amino acids coded for by this segment of DNA. (c) Describe the bond that forms during translation to link amino acids together. Identify the functional groups that react and the atoms involved.
1. Considering the following nucleotide sequence in an mRNA molecule: 5’ AUG UUA CGU AAU GCU GUC GAA UCU AUU UGC UUU ACA UAA 3' d) Write the amino acid sequence of the peptide synthesized from the given mRNA nucleotide sequence. e) Draw the structure of the pertide fragment made up of the first five (5) amino acids in the given polypeptide.
1. The figure above shows some of the more common modifications, such as phosphorylation (1), acetylation or methylation (2), adding sugars or lipids (3,4), or adding another polypeptide (5). There are many other possibilities as well.Find and label each of these on the diagram. How might these modifications affect the protein?
2. What is the minimum number of single nucleotide substitutions that would be necessary for each of the following amino acid replacements? a. Trp to His b. Met to His
4. D. State if/how Ursula's mutation changes the amino acid sequence and describe the effect that change has, if any, on the protein.
1. how is the initiation codon, identified by the ribosomes during translation in:1. prokaryotes and 2. eukaryotes 2. aminoacly-tRNA synthetase joins amino acids to their cognate tRNAs. Breifely describe the 2 reactions of aminoacylation.
2.Draw the structures of the amino acids tyrosine and aspartic acid