. how is the initiation codon, identified by the ribosomes during translation in:1. prokaryotes and 2. eukaryotes 2. aminoacly-tRNA synthetase joins amino acids to their cognate tRNAs. Breifely describe the 2 reactions of aminoacylation.

. how is the initiation codon, identified by the ribosomes during translation in:1. prokaryotes and 2. eukaryotes 2. aminoacly-tRNA synthetase joins amino acids to their cognate tRNAs. Breifely describe the 2 reactions of aminoacylation.

Name: 1. how is the initiation codon, identified by the ribosomes during tra
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Description: 1. how is the initiation codon, identified by the ribosomes during translation in:1. prokaryotes and 2. eukaryotes 2. aminoacly-tRNA synthetase joins amino acids to their cognate tRNAs. Breifely describe the 2 reactions of aminoacylation.

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter15: From Dna To Protein

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4TYK

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Which of the following statements is false? a. GTP is an energy source during various stages of translation. b. In the ribosome, peptidyl transferase catalyzes peptide bondformation between amino acids. c. When the mRNA code UAA reaches the ribosome, there isno tRNA to bind to it. d. A long polypeptide is cut off the tRNA in the A site so its Metamino acid links to the amino acid in the P site. e. Forty-two amino acids of a protein are encoded by 126nucleotides of the mRNA.
1. Classify the type of mutation that have taken place: silent, missense and nonsense as a result of a single base substitution from UCG codon which codes for cysteine:a) AGC (ser): ________b) UGU (cys): ________c) GGC (gly): _______d) UGA (stop): _______e) UUC (phen): _______2. A single base addition and a single base deletion approximately 15 bases apart in the mRNA specifying the protein lysozyme from the bacterial virus T4 caused a change in the protein fromits wil-type composition….lys-ser-pro-ser-leu-asn-ala-ala-lys…..to the mutant form lys-val-his-his-leu-met-ala-alalys.a. Decipher the segment of mRNA for both the original protein and the double mutant.b. Which base was added? Which was deleted?3. Given is the 30 nucleotides in the human gene for hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein in the red blood cells): 5’ TAC-CAC-GTG-GAC-TGA-GGA-CTC-CTC-TTC-AGA 3’a. What is the complementary strand?b. Deduce the mRNA in this coding region.c. What is the amino acid sequence based on this…
6a) Transcribe the following DNA sequence into codons. TACGCGACATTACATGAATCGTTTGGAGATTAGCCCTATTTCTCTAAGAACACGACTb) Excise(cut out) codons numbered 5, 6, and 7. Leave the remaining codons. c) Now translate the sequence . d) Explain how many amino acids are now in your polypeptide? e) What would happen to your polypeptide if either of your cysteine amino acids near the start or end of thepolypeptide were translated incorrectly. f) Based on your final polypeptide can you make the original DNA strand by doing reverse translation andtranscription? g) Explain if your polypeptide similar to your template strand or the complementary strand?
1. Translation a)Explain the role of ribosomes in the process of protein translation.b. Explain the role of tRNA molecules in protein translation.c. Define the following terms:1. codon 2. anticodon. Explain how a codon is used in the process of translation.
: (2) (a) Using the codon table, show the consequences of adenine base addition to thebeginning of the following coding sequence on the subsequent translation. CGA-UCG-GAA-CCA-CGU-GAU-AAG-CAU asap
amino acids are covalently linked to tRNAs via what a) phosphodiester bond b) premature termination of translation c) anticodon-codon base pairing d) aminoacyl bond e) N-glycosidic bond
7. A segment of a DNA strand consists of ...GCTTAGACCTGA.... (a) Identify the expected nucleotide order in the complementary mRNA (b) Identify the sequence of amino acids coded for by this segment of DNA. (c) Describe the bond that forms during translation to link amino acids together. Identify the functional groups that react and the atoms involved.
1.List three different mRNA sequences that could encode the amino acid sequence histidyl-alanyl-arginyl-seryl-leucyl-valyl-cysteine.
1. Which of the following initially comes directly in contact with the mRNA during translation? a. 60s + 40s b. 50s + 30s c. 40s + 30s d. 60s + 50s 2. Which of the following properties of DNA confers to the presence of 5' phosphate and 3' hydroxyl terminal? a. Double helix b. Polarity c. Complementary base pairing d. Resistance to alkali hydrolysis 3. Which of the following are constant throughout the entire nucleic acid structure? a. Sugar and Phosphate b. A-T + G-C c. A-U + G-C d. Deoxyribose and Ribose
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1. Considering the following nucleotide sequence in an mRNA molecule: 5’ AUG UUA CGU AAU GCU GUC GAA UCU AUU UGC UUU ACA UAA 3' a) Write the sequence of the DNA template (antisense) strand from which the mRNA was synthesized. b) Write the sequence of the DNA coding (sense or informational) strand complementary to the template strand. c) Write the sequence of tRNA anticodon that corresponds to the given mRNA molecule. d) Write the amino acid sequence of the peptide synthesized from the given mRNA nucleotide sequence. e) Draw the structure of the pertide fragment made up of the first five (5) amino acids in the given polypeptide.
The codon UUU in an mRNA molecule which results in phenylalanine being inserted as the protein is made. Which will be a characteristic of this codon? a. The tRNA molecule that binds to the UUU codon must have an AAA anticodon. Nde ba e2? b. UUU could code for both phenylalanine and alanine during translation. c. The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase for phenylalanine binds only the UUU codon. d. UUU is probably only one of several codons that code for phenylalanine.