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- When the production of acetyl-CoA exceeds the body’scapacity to oxidize it, acetoacetate, b-hydroxybutyrate, andacetone accumulate. When generated in large amounts, thesesubstances can exceed the blood’s buffering capacity. As theblood pH falls, the ability of red blood cells to carry oxygen isaffected. Subsequently, the brain can be starved for oxygen,and a fatal coma can result. Explain how severe dieting canproduce this condition.People on high-fiber diets often have lesscancer (especially of the colon) and lower blood-cholesterol levelsthan people on low-fiber diets, even though fiber is not digestible.Suggest reasons for the benefits of fiberIf a person is starving for a prolonged time, an excessive build up of Acetyl CoA ultimately leads to Formation of oxaloacetate FA synthesis Formation of ketone bodies Release of ATP
- Briefly describe the components of the four major types of lipoproteins and explain the function of each in relation to lipid metabolism in humans.A drug that reduces blood cholesterolhas the effect of stimulating the production of bile salts. Howmight this result in lower blood cholesterol? Hint: There aretwo ways.Humans have evolved to utilize ketone bodies as a partial replacement for glucose during times of starvation before moving toward muscle protein as an energy source. This is beneficial because __________. a. muscle proteins cannot be converted to glucose b. preserving muscle protein invloves the chance of retaining strenght and physical capacity
- The carboxylation of acetyl CoA to synthesize malonyl CoA by acetyl CoA carboxylase requires assistance from Vitamin K Vitamin D Vitamin B5 Vitamin 87Administration of insulin decreases the blood concentration of ketone bodies in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis by which of the following mechanisms?A) Decreasing formation of ketone bodies in skeletal muscleB) Decreasing lipolysis in adipose tissueC) Increasing hepatic activity of carnitine acyltransferaseD) Increasing hepatic levels of acetyl CoAE) Increasing hepatic oxidation of ketone bodiesThe body doesn’t have a reserve of proteins or amino acids for energy production. Which class of protein may be used initially during fasting to maintain glucose and energy levels? What is the difference between a glucogenic and ketogenic amino acid and why are both important during fasting?
- Fructose and glucose are both monosaccharides, but the body metabolizesthese sugars differently. For example, glucose stimulates insulin releasefrom the pancreas (see section 28.4); fructose does not. Moreover, insulinstimulates leptin release. Finally, fructose is more likely than glucose tobe converted to fat. Use this information to propose an explanation for thecorrelation between the skyrocketing consumption of high fructose cornsyrup since 1970 and the rise in obesity during the same period.Please be detailed! What is the effect of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids on the metabolism of lipoproteins?Which of the following is not made from excess Acetyl CoA when a person is starving? Acetone Fatty Acids Acetoacetate 2-hydroxybutyrate
