Consider the tin (Sn)- bismuth (Bi) equilibrium diagram reproduced below. An allo containing 10wt% Bi is held at a temperature of 200°C 300 271 250 Liquid 232 200 B+ Liquid a+ Liquid 150 184 1385C 100 a+B 50 Sn 10 20 30 40 60 70 80 90 Bi 50 WeightS Bismuth b) What is the composition (wt% Bi) of each phase? Temperature, C B.
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- 10.11/ A 1.5-kg specimen of a 90 wt% Pb-10 wt% Sn alloy is heated to 250°C (480°F), at which temperature it is entirely an a-phase solid solution . The alloy is to be melted to the extent that 50% of the speci- men is liquid, the remainder being the a phase. This may be accomplished either by heating the alloy or changing its composi- tion while holding the temperature con- stant. (a) To what temperature must the speci- men be heated? (b) How much tin must be added to the 1.5-kg specimen at 250°C to achieve this state? 10.15) A magnesium-lead alloy of mass 5.5 ka consists of a solid a phase that has a compo- sition that is just slightly below the solubility limit at 200°C (390°F). (a) What mass of lead is in the alloy? (b) If the alloy is heated to 350°C (660°F). how much more lead may be dissolved in the a phase without exceeding the solubility limit of this phase? 10.27 A hypothetical A-B alloy of composition 55 wt% B-45 wt% A at some temperature is found to consist of mass…Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) is a nonvolatile liquid polymer, which when mixed with water canbe used as a base for parenteral formulations. The designation “400” means that the molecular weightof PEG molecules is approximately 400 g/mol. Preparation with water (ΔHv = 40.7 kJ/mol) requires that the two be mixed at 56 oC, at which the equilibrium vapor pressure of pure water is 16.5 kPa. a. If 105 g of PEG400 are added to 500 g of water at 56 oC, what will the boiling temperature of the solution be?In a system ABC, a ternary alloy with composition of 30 wt. % B and 30 wt. % C consists at a particular temperature of three phases of equilibrium compositions as follows:Liquid phase: 50 % A, 40 % B, 10 % Calfa solid solution: 85 % A, 10 % B, 5 % Cbeta solid solution: 10 % A, 20 % B, 70 % Ca. Plot the composition of the alloy.b. Calculate the proportion by weight of liquid, and present in this alloy.c. For the same temperature, find the composition of the alloy which will consist of equal proportion of and phases of the compositions stated above, but with no liquid phase.
- A 90 wt% Ag-10 wt% Cu alloy is heated to a temperature within the β + liquid phase region. If the composition of the liquid phase is 85 wt% Ag, determine:(i) The temperature of the alloy(ii) The composition of the β phase(iii) The mass fractions of both phasesFor a Copper-Nickel (Cu-Ni) alloy of composition 25 wt % Ni and 75 wt % Cu at 1200 OC (Point B), refer to the phase diagram provided in Figure 2 and answer the following. (i) What is composition of liquid phase? (ii) What is composition of solid phase? (iii) What fraction of the system is liquid for a 25% Ni alloy at 1250 OC? (iv) What fraction of the system is solid for a 25% Ni alloy at 1250 OC?GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS The addition of dimethylglyoxime, H2C4H602N2, to a solution containing nickel(Il) ion gives rise to a precipitate: Nickel dimethylglyoxime is a bulky precipitate that is inconvenient to manipulate in amounts greater than 135 mg. The amount of nickel in a type of permanent-magnet alloy ranges between 22% and 38%. Calculate the sample size that should not be exceeded when analyzing these alloys for a nickel.
- The composition of the liquid and the vapor that are in equilibrium is not necessarily the same. T or FIn the Deacon process for the manufacture of chlorine, HCl and O2 react toform Cl2 and H2O, Sufficient air (21 mol% O2, 79% N2) is fed to provide 35% excess oxygen and the fractional conversion of HCl is 85%. (a) Calculate the mole fractions of the product stream components, usingatomic species balances in your calculation. (b) Again calculate the mole fractions of the product stream components,but use the extent of reaction in the calculation.A monolayer of CO molecules is adsorbed on the surface of 1.00 g of an Fe/AI2O3 catalyst at 77 K, the boiling point of liquid nitrogen. Upon warming, the carbon monoxide occupies 4.25 cm3 at O oC and 1.00 bar. What is the surface area of the catalyst?
- Given the solubility of ferrihydrite (Fe(OH)3) and goethite (FeOOH), with dissolution reactions shown below: [1] Fe(OH)3 3 H+ à Fe3+ + 3 H2O Ksp = 8.4 x 10^4 ∆ Gr0 = -28 KJ/mol Solubility of Fe(OH3) = 7.468 [2] FeOOH + 3 H+ à Fe3+ + 2 H2O Ksp = 8.8 x 10^-2 ∆ Gr0 = 6 KJ/mol Solubility of FeOOH = 0.353 QUESTION: [A] How much Fe3+ from ferrihydrite would dissolve at pH 2 ? [B] How much Fe3+ from ferrihydrite would dissolve at pH 7 ? [C] How much Fe3+ from goethite would dissolve at pH 2 ? [D] How much Fe3+ from goethite would dissolve at pH 7 ?Phase Behavior of Elemental Gallium: Gallium (Ga) is one of the few metals that is liquid near room temperature (Tm = 302 K). a) The vapor pressure for Ga has been measured at 100 Pa at 1620 K and 10 kPa at 2125 K. What is the average metal-metal bond strength (in kJ/mol) for Ga assuming a liquid state coordination number of 6? b) What is the boiling point ( in K) for Ga in a standard lab at sea-level given the above informationThe table below shows temperature/composition data collected for a mixture of methylbenzene (M) and octane (O) at 1 atm. Recall that x stands for the mole fraction in the liquid and y stands for the mole fraction in the vapor in equilibrium. The boiling points for methylbenzene (M) and octane (O) are 110.60C and 125.60C, respectively. Construct the phase diagram with Temperature vs. xM. What is the composition of the vapor in equilibrium with the liquid of composition (a) xM = 0.250 and (b) xO = 0.250. T (0C) 110.9 112.0 114.0 115.8 117.3 119.0 121.1 123.0 xM 0.908 0.795 0.615 0.527 0.408 0.300 0.203 0.097 yM 0.923 0.836 0.698 0.624 0.527 0.410 0.297 0.164