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Cytoplasmic segregation In some cases, cells contain mixtures of mutant and normal organelles. These cells are called cytohets, or heteroplasmons. In these mixtures, a type of cytoplasmic segregation can be detected, in which the two types apportion themselves into dif- ferent daughter cells. The process most likely stems from chance partitioning of the multiple organelles in the course of cell divi- sion. Plants provide a good example. Many cases of white leaves are caused by mutations in chloroplast genes that control the production and deposition of the green pigment chlorophyll. Because chlorophyll is necessary for a plant to live, this type of mutation is lethal, and white-leaved plants cannot be obtained for experimental crosses. However, some plants are variegated, bearing both green and white patches, and these plants are via- ble. Thus, variegated plants provide a way of demonstrating cytoplasmic segregation. The four-o'clock plant in Figure 3-21 shows a commonly observed variegated leaf and branch phenotype that demon- strates the inheritance of a mutant allele of a chloroplast gene. Variegated leaves caused by a mutation in cpDNA All-white branch All-green branch FIGURE 3-21 Leaf variegation in Mirabilis jalapa, the four-o'clock plant. Flowers can form on any branch (variegated, green, or white), and these flowers can be used in crosses. Main shoot is variegated

Cytoplasmic segregation In some cases, cells contain mixtures of mutant and normal organelles. These cells are called cytohets, or heteroplasmons. In these mixtures, a type of cytoplasmic segregation can be detected, in which the two types apportion themselves into dif- ferent daughter cells. The process most likely stems from chance partitioning of the multiple organelles in the course of cell divi- sion. Plants provide a good example. Many cases of white leaves are caused by mutations in chloroplast genes that control the production and deposition of the green pigment chlorophyll. Because chlorophyll is necessary for a plant to live, this type of mutation is lethal, and white-leaved plants cannot be obtained for experimental crosses. However, some plants are variegated, bearing both green and white patches, and these plants are via- ble. Thus, variegated plants provide a way of demonstrating cytoplasmic segregation. The four-o'clock plant in Figure 3-21 shows a commonly observed variegated leaf and branch phenotype that demon- strates the inheritance of a mutant allele of a chloroplast gene. Variegated leaves caused by a mutation in cpDNA All-white branch All-green branch FIGURE 3-21 Leaf variegation in Mirabilis jalapa, the four-o'clock plant. Flowers can form on any branch (variegated, green, or white), and these flowers can be used in crosses. Main shoot is variegated

Biochemistry
Biochemistry
6th Edition
ISBN:9781305577206
Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Chapter31: Completing The Protein Life Cycle: Folding, Processing, And Degradation
Section: Chapter Questions
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In Figure 3-21, what would be the leaf types of progeny
of the apical (top) flower?

Cytoplasmic segregation In some cases, cells contain mixtures of mutant and normal organelles. These cells are called cytohets, or heteroplasmons. In these mixtures, a type of cytoplasmic segregation can be detected, in which the two types apportion themselves into dif- ferent daughter cells. The process most likely stems from chance partitioning of the multiple organelles in the course of cell divi- sion. Plants provide a good example. Many cases of white leaves are caused by mutations in chloroplast genes that control the production and deposition of the green pigment chlorophyll. Because chlorophyll is necessary for a plant to live, this type of mutation is lethal, and white-leaved plants cannot be obtained for experimental crosses. However, some plants are variegated, bearing both green and white patches, and these plants are via- ble. Thus, variegated plants provide a way of demonstrating cytoplasmic segregation. The four-o'clock plant in Figure 3-21 shows a commonly observed variegated leaf and branch phenotype that demon- strates the inheritance of a mutant allele of a chloroplast gene. Variegated leaves caused by a mutation in cpDNA All-white branch All-green branch FIGURE 3-21 Leaf variegation in Mirabilis jalapa, the four-o'clock plant. Flowers can form on any branch (variegated, green, or white), and these flowers can be used in crosses. Main shoot is variegated
Transcribed Image Text:Cytoplasmic segregation In some cases, cells contain mixtures of mutant and normal organelles. These cells are called cytohets, or heteroplasmons. In these mixtures, a type of cytoplasmic segregation can be detected, in which the two types apportion themselves into dif- ferent daughter cells. The process most likely stems from chance partitioning of the multiple organelles in the course of cell divi- sion. Plants provide a good example. Many cases of white leaves are caused by mutations in chloroplast genes that control the production and deposition of the green pigment chlorophyll. Because chlorophyll is necessary for a plant to live, this type of mutation is lethal, and white-leaved plants cannot be obtained for experimental crosses. However, some plants are variegated, bearing both green and white patches, and these plants are via- ble. Thus, variegated plants provide a way of demonstrating cytoplasmic segregation. The four-o'clock plant in Figure 3-21 shows a commonly observed variegated leaf and branch phenotype that demon- strates the inheritance of a mutant allele of a chloroplast gene. Variegated leaves caused by a mutation in cpDNA All-white branch All-green branch FIGURE 3-21 Leaf variegation in Mirabilis jalapa, the four-o'clock plant. Flowers can form on any branch (variegated, green, or white), and these flowers can be used in crosses. Main shoot is variegated
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