Q: Genetic instability in the form of point mutations, chromosome rearrangements, and epigenetic…
A: Answer: Introduction: Mutation- These are the random heritable changes that occurs in the DNA…
Q: How can a defect in p53 gene contribute to cancer development?
A: Cancer is an abnormal growth of cells which tend to proliferate in an uncontrolled way and, in some…
Q: Why are some chromosomal regions amplified/deleted in a specific manner in certain tumor types?
A: Chromosomal amplification: Chromosomal amplification can be explained as the increase in the amount…
Q: How does a normal cell become a cancerous cell? What has to happen to it?
A: NOTE:- "As you have posted multiple questions under one, we will solve the first part for you, to…
Q: Where do enhancers bind? Are enhancers gene specific
A:
Q: How can researchers pinpoint the particular driver mutations most responsible for the cancer…
A: The development of cancer is an evolutionary process at the cellular level. Several mutations…
Q: What are the biggest challenges that mutations pose to oncologists and cancer biologists who seek to…
A: Mutations are one of the biggest challenges to the Oncologists and cancer biologists who wish and…
Q: Why are people more likely to develop cancer as they age? Why does inheriting a mutation increase…
A: Cancer is the name given to a collection of related diseases.In all types of cancer,some of the…
Q: Is there a possibility that by manipulating the microenvironment, we could disrupt the signals…
A: Mutator phenotype is seen in cancer cells. This condition is caused by mutations in genes that are…
Q: why EGFR play a role in CRC and other cancer?
A: EGFR : It is epidermis growth factor receptor. CRC: Colorectal cancer. EGFR : It is one of the…
Q: If cancer is fundamentally a genetic disease, how might an environmental factor such as smoking…
A: Tumor is a mass of tissues. It may be benign or malignant. The cellular growth that occurs when the…
Q: Which genetic cancer predisposition syndrome is caused by germ-line mutations in the p53 gene and is…
A: P53 is the tumor suppressor protein (TP53 in humans) which is also described as the guardian of the…
Q: What is the difference between maintenance methylation and de novo methylation? In what cell types…
A: Methylation denotes the addition of methyl groups on a substrate, or substitution of an atom by…
Q: Why do mutations in DNA repair genes increase the likelihood of developing cancer?
A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a hereditary molecule that transfers genetic information from one…
Q: Explain how telomerase expression contributes to theimmortality of cancer cells
A: The tumor cells are said to be immortal due to the expression if telomerase enzyme. The telomerase…
Q: Why is the p53 R273W mutation preventing p53 from binding to DNA?
A: All living things are made up of cells, which are the most basic and important unit. All of life's…
Q: How does methylation affect development in terms of epigenetics, cancer, and general development?
A: Methylation of DNA causes gene silencing means expression is suppressed. Methylation is associated…
Q: Would the function of KRAS gene be lost or gained in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer derived cells? Please…
A: KRAS gene is a gene present on the short arm of chromosome 12 that is responsible for the formation…
Q: Explain how DNA methylation could be used to regulate gene expression in a tissue-specific way. When…
A: The gene transcribes and translates for producing a protein. This mechanism is known as gene…
Q: Some cancers are consistently associated with the deletion of a particularpart of a chromosome. Does…
A: Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that encode for proteins required for the promotion of cell cycle.…
Q: How mutations, chromosomal changes epigenetics, and environmental agents play roles in the…
A: Cancer cells breaks the most basic rule of cell behavior by which multicellular organism are built…
Q: What are the requirements for normal cell division? What are the requirements for cancer cells…
A: Mutation is defined as an erroneous change within the gene sequence of an organism that leads to a…
Q: What is chromatin remodeling complex?
A: The complex of proteins and DNA in eukaryotic cells is called chromatin. This is the packed or…
Q: What are chromatin remodeling complexes?
A: Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is a double helix nucleic acid structure that carries the genetic…
Q: How can three transcription regulators during development create eight different cell types?
A: The expression of genes is regulated mostly at the promoter of the genes by the transcription…
Q: Mutations in proto-oncogenes that turn them into oncogenes tend to be dominant, while cancer-causing…
A: Tumor suppressor genes are the genes that suppress the formation of tumors in the cells or tissues…
Q: How Mutations Cause Cancer Phenotypes?
A: The medical condition of cancer is generally characterized by the presence of a cluster of cells…
Q: Explain the Role of telomere in regards to cancer
A: Telomeres gradually shorten with each cell division, resulting in less protection for the…
Q: Do you think there are more unique alleles of p53 that lead to cancer or more unique alleles of Ras…
A:
Q: What role do telomeres and telomerase play in cancer progression?
A: Telomere is a region of repetitive nucleotide sequences found at each end on a eukaryotic…
Q: Fruit flies with DNA transposons known as P elements are known to have 1.gene silencing factors in…
A: P elements - these are transposable elements that were discovered in drosophilia as the causative…
Q: Can restoring tumor suppressor function, such as mutant p53 or pRb, be used to cure cancer? If…
A: The Cell division is the process through which one cell divides into two identical daughter cells.…
Q: What types of evidence indicate that cancer arises from genetic changes?
A: Cancer is a disorder in which abnormal cells divide irrepressibly and destroy the tissues of the…
Q: Genetic instability in the form of point mutations, chromosome rearrangements, and epigenetic…
A: A mutation is a form of alteration in which a single change changes a nucleotide of nucleic acid. It…
Q: How does the normal p53 protein inhibit cancer development?
A: Tumor-suppressor genes code for proteins that repair damaged DNA (preventing a cell from turning…
Q: What would be the effect of deleting the toll gene in Drosophila embryos?
A: What are toll genes? Toll is a maternally required Drosophila gene that encodes a transmembrane…
Q: What were the key findings after modeling cancer through the generation of induced pluripotent stem…
A: The genetic information can be stored in the form of DNA, which may be converted into functional…
Q: What are pseudogenes and how are they produced? Are pseudogenes expressed?
A: The DNA is the genetic material that is passed from one generation to the next generation. It is…
Q: What are the contrasting roles of trithorax and polycomb group complexes during development in…
A: Trithorax and polycomb group complexes are essential proteins that are involved in activation and…
Q: Do mutations that cause cancer in an individual pass down to his/her offspring? What is the role of…
A: Cancer is the umbrella term for a group of diseases. Any of the body's cells begin to divide without…
Q: How might our knowledge about telomeres and telomerase be applied to anti-aging strategies? Are such…
A: A telomere is present at the end of chromosome. A telomerase is an enzyme that is responsible for…
Q: What is the rationale for developing anti-cancer agents that inhibit telomerase?
A: We all know that ,cancer is an abnormal growth and uncontrolled division of cells that spreads in…
Q: Essay: Relate the structure of the DNA to its role as a molecule for inheritance. Elaborate on the…
A: Inheritance is the process by which traits are passed on from one generation to the next.
Q: What is haploinsufficiency? How might it affect cancer risk?
A: The term in genetics that explains the function of the dominant gene in the representation of…
Q: What is the role of TRF2 at the telomere?
A: The telomere is a part of the chromosome, which is situated at the ends of the chromosome. With each…
Q: what are the rolls that the p53 gene and RAS protein take on when trying to stop a cancer cell from…
A: Given: Role of p53 and RAS protein to stop a cancer cell from replication. What happens if mutation…
Q: What are induced pluripotent stem cells? How are they derived from adult somatic cells?
A: Pluripotent stem cells are those cells that have the ability to renew themselves by dividing and…
Does TERT activation affect cancer development through other ways besides mediating telomere elongation?
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Solved in 2 steps
- What are Ras protein and p53? How can mutations in the genes for these proteins contribute to cancer?Why are some chromosomal regions amplified/deleted in a specific manner in certain tumor types?How mutations, chromosomal changes epigenetics, and environmental agents play roles in the development of cancer ?
- How can the role of epigenetics in cancer be reconciled with the idea that cancer is caused by the accumulation of genetic mutations in tumor-suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes?Some cancers are consistently associated with the deletion of a particularpart of a chromosome. Does the deleted region contain an oncogene or atumor-suppressor gene? Explain.Describe how mutations in genome maintenance factors promote tumorigenesis. Why would inactivation of a mis- match repair gene cause colon cancer?
- Distinguish between proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. To become cancer promoting, do proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes undergo gain-of-function or loss-of-function mutations? Classify the following genes as proto-oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes: p53, ras, BCL-2, JUN, MDM2, and p16.Why does a single mutation in a proto-oncogene, turning it into an oncogene potentially lead to a cancerous phenotype, while it takes two mutations in tumor suppressor genes to lead to a cancerous phenotype?How do BRCA1 and BRCA2 function in regard to cell proliferation (are they proto-oncogenes, oncogenes, or tumor suppressor genes)?