Group 1A Слиир 2А Group 3A Crоир бл Grоцр 7А ut 0.90 0.59 0.41 1.25 1.19 LI 1.25 0.96 a54 057 Na L16 Mg O86 1.70 1.67 Na 1.66 Mg 141 AI 1.21 1.05 1.02 к 1.52 Ca Ga a76 Br 1.2 1.14 1.84 Ca 1.76 Ga 1.22 Hr 1.20 2.00 1.20 кь 166 Te- 2.00 1- 2.06 1.32 a94 кь 2.20 In 1.42 Te 1.35 1.95 1.39 cation anion - neueral amm AFigure 7
Ideal and Real Gases
Ideal gases obey conditions of the general gas laws under all states of pressure and temperature. Ideal gases are also named perfect gases. The attributes of ideal gases are as follows,
Gas Laws
Gas laws describe the ways in which volume, temperature, pressure, and other conditions correlate when matter is in a gaseous state. The very first observations about the physical properties of gases was made by Robert Boyle in 1662. Later discoveries were made by Charles, Gay-Lussac, Avogadro, and others. Eventually, these observations were combined to produce the ideal gas law.
Gaseous State
It is well known that matter exists in different forms in our surroundings. There are five known states of matter, such as solids, gases, liquids, plasma and Bose-Einstein condensate. The last two are known newly in the recent days. Thus, the detailed forms of matter studied are solids, gases and liquids. The best example of a substance that is present in different states is water. It is solid ice, gaseous vapor or steam and liquid water depending on the temperature and pressure conditions. This is due to the difference in the intermolecular forces and distances. The occurrence of three different phases is due to the difference in the two major forces, the force which tends to tightly hold molecules i.e., forces of attraction and the disruptive forces obtained from the thermal energy of molecules.
Which of the noble gases other than radon would you expect
to depart most readily from ideal behavior? Use the
density data in Table 7.8 to show evidence in support of
your answer.
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