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- An adult takes about 12 breaths per minute, inhaling roughly 500 mL of air with each breath. The molar compositions of the inspired and expired gases are as follows: Species Inspired Gas (%) Expired Gas (%)O2 20.6 15.1CO2 0.0 3.7N2 77.4 75.0H2O 2.0 6.2The inspired gas is at 24°C and 1 atm, and the expired gas is at body temperature and pressure (37°C and 1 atm). Nitrogen is not transported into or out of the blood in the lungs. All nitrogen inhaled is exhaled. 1. Calculate the masses of O2, CO2, and H2O transferred from the pulmonary gases to the blood or vice versa (specify which) per minute. 2. Calculate the volume of air exhaled per milliliter inhaled. 3. At what rate (g/min) is this individual losing weight by merely breathing?Describe why there are different set of data, Abs, ln(Abs), and 1/Abs in function of time. Explain how do you determine the rate constant and the effect of changing the concentrations of the components. If detected, which concentration changes the kobs?A 70 kg adult male is exposed to cadmium-containing vapors at his worksite. If he inhales 20m3 per work day and he works 8 hours a day, 5 days a week, 48 weeks a year, for 30 years, what is the maximum allowable cadmium concentration in the air if the cancer risk is to be maintained below 10−6? How would the acceptable concentration change if the calculation were repeated for a 50 kg woman? A laboratory trial is conducted to evaluate the risks associated with consumption of pesticide-contaminated water. 45 out of 500 mice exposed to the pesticide-contaminated water develop stomach cancer. 11 out of 500 mice that were not exposed to the pesticide contaminated water also developed cancer. What are: a. the relative risk? b. the attributable risk? c. the odds ratio? Do these epidemiological statistics suggest a potential link between consumption of this water and stomach cancer?
- describe the molecular switches involved in microbial acute/prolonged starvation response. give one research article linkIf a mouse and a small lizard of the same mass were placed in an experimental chamber under identical environmental conditions, which animal would consume oxygen at a higher rate? Explain.Which of the phi/psi angles would be violating a ramachandran plot? Select all that apply: Phi= 90; Psi=-120 Phi= -120; Psi=120 Phi= 0; Psi=0 Phi= -90; Psi=-60 Phi= 120; Psi=-120
- Explain and give insight why the use of a face shield protect us against COVID 19, and now it is no longer required around the world, we can recycle and reuse this into a useful product that can also benefit the environment by reducing plastic pollutiona. Explain the purpose of each chemical in each test tube set up provided in the table. Use the principles of experimental variables, experimental controls, and controlled variables b. Predict the amount of carbon dioxide produced from each test tube sample using a scale of 0 to 5, with 5 being the greatest amount of carbon dioxide. Provide an explanation for each sample.Bruce Ames and his colleagues have pointed out that although detailed toxicological analysis has been conducted on synthetic chemicals, almost no information is available about the mutagenic or carcinogenic effects of the toxins produced by plants as a natural defense against fungi, insects, and animal predators. Tens of thousands of such compounds have been discovered, and he estimates that in the United States adults eat about 1.5 g of these compounds each daylevels that are approximately 10,000 times higher than those of the synthetic pesticides present in the diet. For example, cabbage contains 49 natural pesticides and metabolites, and only a few of these have been tested for their carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. a. With the introduction of new foods into the U.S. diet over the last 200 years (mangoes, kiwi fruit, tomatoes, and so forth), has there been enough time for humans to develop resistance to the mutagenic effects of the toxins present in those foods? b. The natural pesticides present in plants constitute more than 99% of the toxins we eat. Should diet planning, especially for vegetarians, take into account the doses of toxins present in the diet?
- please answer both questions. 1)explain why rifampin kills bacteria but not human cells. 2)explain why tetracycline kills bacteria but no human cellsSuppose that you wish to measure the concentration levels of PCBs in air inside a school. You are aiming at using a typical GC injection volume of 3 µL for liquid extracts concentrations between 1 and 50 ng/L. You want to sample air at the school over a 4-hour period and expect the air concentration of the PCBs to be in the order of 1 ng/m³. What should be the volume of air that you need to sample? Would you need the use the high-volume of the low volume method?How would you use the FEMA Model (four phases) to respond to a potential chemical spill at the Beatrice plant?