many cancers have mutations in more than one of these genes how could this happen. how did a single clone of tunor cells acquire so many idfferent and useful growth promotion mutation?
Q: Describe the role of mismatch repair (MMR) in DNA repair.Why do mutations in MMR proteins increase…
A: DNA mismatch repair is a system for recognizing and repairing erroneous insertion, deletion, and…
Q: Can we treat cancer by restoring tumor suppressor function such as mutated p53 or pRb? If so, how…
A: The process by which a cell gives rise to two identical daughter cells is referred to as cell…
Q: 24 of 41 The products of tumor suppressor genes cell division; the products of oncogenes cell…
A: Normal genes that slow cell division, fix DNA errors, or warn cells when to die are known as tumour…
Q: With diagrams explain, chromosome rearrangement
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Q: The similarity between Apc in colon cancers and Rb in retinoblastomas is that both are mutated in…
A: Answer) The similarity between APC in colon cancers and Rb in retinoblastomas is that both are…
Q: After the initial Actualization of the Cit+ phenotype, there was another alteration to the A-3…
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Q: Telomerase is not active in most human cells. Some cancer biologists have suggested that activation…
A: Telomere is a repetitive nucleotide sequence added at each end of the chromosome. It acts as a…
Q: Cancer-promoting mutations are likely to have different effects on the activity of proteins encoded…
A: Cancer is the unnatural and excessive proliferation of cells that becomes harmful to normal body…
Q: Mutations in three broad classes of genes have been implicated in the onset of cancer. Can you…
A: A Mutation occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic…
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A: Genetic transformation happens when the genetic composition of an organism is transformed by the…
Q: What type of mutation is present in the mutant allele of gene in cancer cell line? Include the…
A: A mutation is defined as a change in the sequence of DNA. It may occur due to many reasons like…
Q: The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene Rb (RB1) codes forthe retinoblastoma protein (pRB). pRB…
A: Retinoblastoma is a tumor suppressor gene during cancer progression, loss of function of tumor…
Q: A subset of colorectal cancers is associated with mutations in the Mut genes which code for proteins…
A: There are some Mut enzymes that check the identity of newly formed DNA and if there are certain…
Q: Describe the molecular mechanisms involved in P53’s role as a tumor repressor protein.
A: The TP53 gene provides instructions for making a protein called tumor protein p53 (or p53). This…
Q: Mutations in the RB gene are often associated with cancer. Explain how a mutation that results in a…
A: The cell cycle is the series of stages that allow the cell to pass from one cell division to…
Q: One important biological effect of a large dose of ionizing radiation is to halt cell division. What…
A: Cell division is the cycle by which a parent cell separates into at least two girl cells. Cell…
Q: The myc oncogene increases expression of the glutamine transporter and glutaminase that converts…
A: Cancer is a disease defined by the uncontrolled development of a group of abnormal cells that can…
Q: Which of the following is involved in the formation of cancer? O mutations in genes involved in DNA…
A: Cancer is a disease in which cells of the body multiply uncontrollably and form tumours. Cancer is…
Q: True/False: When first discovered, investigators found it surprising that some single-gene defects…
A: Immunodeficiencies happen when at least one segments of the safe framework is faulty. The most…
Q: Would the function of KRAS gene be lost or gained in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer derived cells? Please…
A: KRAS gene is a gene present on the short arm of chromosome 12 that is responsible for the formation…
Q: How do normal cells protect themselves from accumulating mutations in genes that could lead to…
A: Studies reveal that the p53 protein instructs cells to under-go apoptosis when mutations in the DNA…
Q: How would you identify patients whose tumor cells are particularly likely to have a somatic mutation…
A: Somatic mutation takes place in all types of cells in the body except the germ cells. Therefore…
Q: The p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene while p634 gene is an oncogene. Mutation in either one can…
A: Cancer is a disease in which some of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts…
Q: Protein N, normally inactivates a tumor suppressor protein. Consider a cell with a mutation in one…
A: For tumour suppressor gene to be purely dysfunctional and leading to neoplastic genes, there need to…
Q: Of the following choices a loss of function mutation would most lukely contribute to cancer onset if…
A: Normal DNA contains a particular sequence of DNA. If the sequence of DNA is changed due to external…
Q: Under normal physiological conditions, proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors help control cell…
A: A significant contrast among the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes is that oncogenes result from…
Q: X31b is an experimental compound that is taken up by rapidly dividing cells. Research has shown that…
A: Cancer is a disorder in which abnormal cells divide irrepressibly and destroy the tissues of body.…
Q: Patients with XP suffer extremely high incidence of skin cancer but have not been found to have…
A: There are 2 basic types of genetic mutations: Acquired mutations. These are the most common causes…
Q: Why don’t all loss-of-function mutations that are recessive at the cellular level behave as…
A: Loss of function mutation is otherwise known as inactivating mutations. This type of mutation is…
Q: Because the degree of DNA methylation appears to be a relatively reliable genetic marker for some…
A: Methylation of DNA is a heritable, enzyme-induced modification to DNA structure without alteration…
Q: Can restoring tumor suppressor function, such as mutant p53 or pRb, be used to cure cancer? If…
A: The Cell division is the process through which one cell divides into two identical daughter cells.…
Q: Tumor-suppressor genes are normal human genes that prevent uncontrollable cell growth. Starting with…
A: Tumors are the mass of cells which grow and divide indefinitely due to mutation in the genome. A…
Q: What role do aurora kinase play in the cell cycle and how would using these kinases as target for…
A: A particular series of events undertaken in proper time frame inside different types of cells when…
Q: Describe the molecular mechanisms involved in P53’s role as a tumor repressor protein
A:
Q: Many malignant tumors are characterized by the activation of one or more growth-factor receptors.…
A: Malignant tumours (or "cancers") are classified as monoclonal, which means that each tumour develops…
Q: t molecular pathway does loss of cell cycle regulation in an organism lead to cancer? What genetic…
A: A cell cycle is a series of events that usually occur in a cell which further allows it the grows…
Q: Radiotherapy (treatment with ionizing radiation) is one of the most effective current cancer…
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Q: Do mutations that cause cancer in an individual pass down to his/her offspring? What is the role of…
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A: Anticancer drugs are used against cancer. Chemotherapy drugs kill cancer cells by stopping them from…
Q: Name two ways in which loss of p53 function contributes to a malignant phenotype. Explain how…
A: We know that, an abnormal growth of tissues in the body is know as tumor. A tumor can change into…
Q: What is haploinsufficiency? How might it affect cancer risk?
A: The term in genetics that explains the function of the dominant gene in the representation of…
Q: Is it correct to say that the palladin gene causes cancer?
A: This palladin gene encodes a cytoskeletal protein that is required for organizing the actin…
Q: Researchers have identified some tumors that have no recurrent mutations or deletions in known…
A: Deletion is a genetic aberration in which a part of a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is left out…
Q: Would a drug that induced apoptosis or one that induced necrosis be preferable for treatment of…
A: INTRODUCTION Flowcytometry Flowcytometry is a technique that simultaneously measures and analyse…
Q: The tumor suppressor pRB also binds to and suppresses theactivity of retinoblastoma binding protein…
A: The segments of the genetic material which helps in the expression of the characters are known as…
many cancers have mutations in more than one of these genes how could this happen. how did a single clone of tunor cells acquire so many idfferent and useful growth promotion mutation?
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- The human genes that convey a susceptibility to hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer aregenes coding proteins involved in which DNA repair mechanism?You are looking at the results of a western blot from the lysates of cells harvested from a suspected breast cancer tumor and you see that there is an increased expression of INK4-p16, you suspect that this will______________? Group of answer choices Increase S to G2 phase transition Initiate a cell cycle arrest in G1 Block M to G1 phase transition Promote tumorigenesisX31b is an experimental compound that is taken up by rapidly dividing cells. Research has shown that X31b stimulates the methylation of DNA. Some cancer researchers are interested in testing X31b as a possible drug for treating prostate cancer. Offer a possible explanation for why X31b might be an effective anticancer drug.
- Even though cancer genomes are overall hypomethylated, explain in detail some genes are hypermethylated in cancer cells.Some initial studies looking at the carcinogenicity of tobacco products took extracts from those products and carried out various mutational assays on them. They rarely found any evidence that tobacco could cause cancer. Why would these experiments provide false negatives?Would the function of KRAS gene be lost or gained in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer derived cells? Please explain why.
- There are three broad categories of cancer-related genes: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA repair/stability genes. Distinguish between these three groups, then indicate which you think RB1 belongs to.Describe error prone polymerases and the process of translesion synthesis (TLS). In regards to tumor biology, what is the mutator phenotype hypothesis? What are some ways in which error-prone polymerases could be targeted for potential anti-cancer treatments?There are three broad categories of cancer-related genes: proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and DNA stability/repair genes. Define each of these categories and indicate which one you think the RB1 gene belongs to and why.
- Question:- Changes affecting tumor suppressors generally require _____ alleles to be affected in order to trigger transformation. one five or more two zeroMany of the mutations in cancer samples are not necessarily driver mutations, but rather passenger mutations that are along for the ride. Just because the tumors with a strong environmental component possess a higher frequency of mutations does not mean more oncogenes or more failure of tumor suppressors is occurring. Hematologic childhood cancers have a lower frequency of mutations than tumors with a strong environmental component such as lung cancers and melanoma; WHY?After the initial Actualization of the Cit+ phenotype, there was another alteration to the A-3 genome that resulted in increased growth (e.g. Refinement). What explained the increase in growth rate in response to Refinement? A. Increase number of transporters localized to the plasma membrane. B. Increased ability to metabolize glucose. C. Increased citric acid cycle activity. D. Altered promoter activity resulting in constitutive gene expression.