QUESTION 21 Consider the following template strand of DNA: AAT TCA CCC 3' 5 The mRNA made from this strand would be: UUA AGU GGG (from 5' to 3') The amino acid sequence from this strand would be: (from N to C. Use the 3 letter code with dashes between each) On your handwritten portion draw the chemical structure of this pepti
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- Question 15 Activities found in the rough ER and its functions include the folllowing EXCEPT provides a membrane binding site for the RNA with signal a signal sequence facilitates post-translational modifications allows the entry of polypeptides that will undergo glycosylation provides a membrane scaffold for binding of ribosomes for protein synthesisquestion 24 DNA is a hereditary molecular that is composed of A Deoxyribose,phosphate, and nitrogen bases B Deoxyribose,a pentose, and nucleic acids C Sugar,proteins and thymine D Adenine, phosphate, and riboseQUESTION 3 Strands of DNA join together with Hydrogen bonds. These bonds form between the Nitrogenous bases. These bonds are specific and only occur betwwe A. Aand T form 3 bonds, and G and C form 2 bonds B. Aand G form 3 bonds, and T and C form 2 bonds C. Aand T form 2 bonds, and G and C form 3 bonds D. U and T form 3 bonds, and A and C form 2 bonds
- QUESTION 12 The leucine zipper domain of transcription factors is not involved in DNA recognition but rather in facilitating dimerization. Given the chemical properties of the amino acid leucine, dimerization of transcription factors via this domain by (select the correct option). Facilitating hydrogen bonding with the aqueous environment. Chelation of bivalent ions such as Zn2+. Formation of coiled-coils through hydrophobic non-covalent interactions between evenly spaced Leu residues in alpha-helical domains. Physically connecting the two transcription factor subunits through unstructured loops.Question 29 PCR is a technique that: produces information regarding the sequence of nitrogenous bases virtually eliminates operator error from DNA analysis All of these can produce many exact copies of segments of DNA provides a statistical analysis of the nitrogenous-base pairingsQUESTION NO. 1 Fragile X syndrome is a common form of inherited mental retardation. The mutation in the disease allows the increase of a CGG repeat in a particular gene from a normal of about 30 repeats to 200-1000 repeats. This repeat is normally found in the 5' untranslated region of a gene for the protein FMR1. FMR1 might be involved in the translation of brain-specific mRNAs during brain development. The consequence of the very large number of CGG repeats in the DNA is extensive methylation of the entire promoter region of the FMR1 gene. Methylation of bases in DNA usually A. facilitates the binding of transcription factors to the DNA. B. makes a difference in activity only if it occurs in an enhancer region. C. prevents chromatin from unwinding. D. inactivates DNA for transcription. E. results in increased production of the produce of whatever gene is methylated.QUESTION NO. 2 The best definition of an endonuclease is that it hydrolyzes A. nucleotide from…
- QUESTION NO. 1Targeting a protein to be degraded within proteasomes usually requires ubiquitin. In the function of ubiquitin all of the following are true except: A. ATP is required for activation of ubiquicin. B. a peptide bond forms between the carboxyl terminal of ubiquitin and an ε-amino group of a lysine . C. linkage of a protein to ubiquitin does not always mark it for degradation. D. the N-terminal amino acid is one determinant of selection for degradation. E. ATP is required by the enzyme that transfers the ubiquitin to the protein to be degraded QUESTION NO. 2Much of procollagen formation occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus which requires signal peptide. All of the following statements about targeting a protein for the ER are true except. A. signal peptide usually has a positively charged N-terminus and a stretch of hydrophobic amino acids. B. signal peptide emerging from a free ribosome binds signal recognition…QUESTION NO. 1 Cystic fibrosis is a frequent generic disease of Caucasians. The CF gene codes for a protein called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) which functions as a cAMP-regulated chloride channel. The protein has two membrane-spanning domains, two domains that interact with ATP, and one regulatory domain. The most common defect is in the gene for one of the ATP binding domains. The result is a protein that does not fold correctly in the endoplasmic reticulum, is not properly glycosylated, and is nor transported to the cell surface. Rather, it is degraded in the cytosol within proteasomes. Drugs that foster chaperone interaction with the mutant protein are a potential therapeutic approach. Chaperones A. are always required to direct the folding of proteins. B. when bound to protein increase the rate of protein degradation. C. usually bind to strongly hydrophilic regions of unfolded proteins. D. sometimes maintain proteins in an…Question 24 pts When we are vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, what happens? (select all correct answers) Group of answer choices a) Our adaptive immune system becomes primed to recognize the SARS-CoV-2 virus. b) Our DNA becomes modified. c) We will permanently have viral proteins in our cells d) Our cells will make a partial or complete viral protein, which our immune system will recognize as foreign. e) Memory cells will be ready for a new infection.
- QUESTION 10 Remdesivir is converted in vivo to CMP analog and then phosphorylated to CTP analog. a successful treatment for Ebola. There are more than 1 correct answers in the other choices. a potential chain terminator for the replication of RNA viral genomeQuestion 1: tRNA and amino acyl tRNA synthetases Part g: What chemical and structural characters are shared by the amino acids Ile, Val and Met? Part h: What enzyme attaches Ile to tRNA? Part i: Compare the frequency of the correct Ile entering the active site and the frequency of an incorrect amino acid entering the active site of this enzyme. Be specific with numbers. Part j: Compare the frequency of the correct tRNA(Ile) entering the active site and the frequency of an incorrect tRNA entering the active site of this enzyme. Be specific with numbers. Part k: Apply the Entropy change formula and multiply by T = 303 K (30 C) to determine the energetic cost of accurately attaching Ile to its cognate tRNA(Ile). Part l: Is there enough energy in the chemical transformation of ATP → AMP + 2Pi to pay this information cost?QUESTION 22 The DNA sequences that are most conserved between human and mouse would most likely be located in: A Highly-repeated sequences, such as microsatellite regions B Highly repeated sequences, such as Alu sequences C Moderately-repeated non-coding sequences D Coding regions of single-copy genes