"Schematic outline of melanogenesis. UVR stimulates the expression of POMC by keratinocytes. The peptide produced is the precursor of the hormone a-MSH, that binds to MC1R in melanocytes. This union leads to an increase in cellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) that in turn leads to increased levels of MITF expression, which upregulates the transcription of TYR, TYRP1 and TYRP2, producing brown-black eumelanin. In the absence of a-MSH, the antagonist ASIP binds to MC1R, and phaeomelanin is synthetized instead. Melanosomes are then transferred to keratinocytes through the dendrites via a shedding vesicle system." Briefly discuss how these several aspects of the molecular and cellular biology of melanin production and melanosome transfer contribute to determine skin color. How would different mutations in the hormonal response to ultraviolet light, the melanin production signal transduction pathways, and melanosome transfer influence skin color, hair color, and eye color? Did this study change what you knew about such human phenotypic variations?
Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
"Schematic outline of melanogenesis. UVR stimulates the expression of POMC by keratinocytes. The peptide produced is the precursor of the hormone a-MSH, that binds to MC1R in melanocytes. This union leads to an increase in cellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) that in turn leads to increased levels of MITF expression, which upregulates the transcription of TYR, TYRP1 and TYRP2, producing brown-black eumelanin. In the absence of a-MSH, the antagonist ASIP binds to MC1R, and phaeomelanin is synthetized instead. Melanosomes are then transferred to keratinocytes through the dendrites via a shedding vesicle system."
Briefly discuss how these several aspects of the molecular and cellular biology of melanin production and melanosome transfer contribute to determine skin color. How would different mutations in the hormonal response to ultraviolet light, the melanin production signal transduction pathways, and melanosome transfer influence skin color, hair color, and eye color? Did this study change what you knew about such human
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
