Side 12 of 92 ahted sae MacBook esc 80 F1 F2 F3 14. What is the purpose of the dozens of p53 modifications? Chapter 4: 15. Which groove contains more "information" and why? How do proteins interact specifically with this DiA groove, as when a zinc finger crosses the groove? 16. Which of the following base pairs could proteins distinguish, and why? a. Major groove base pairs (GC/CG, AT/TA, GC/TA, GC/AT) b. Minor groove base pairs (GC/CG, AT/TA, GC/TA, GC/AT) 17. What contributes to DNA stability with regards to Tm? Which type of base pairs takes the most energy to pull apart (i.e. require a higher temperature/Tm to dissociate)? 18. Why would it take longer for more complex DNA to reanneal? 19. Define the following: negative supercoil, positive supercoil, topoisomerase I (note the role of tyrosine) topoisomerase II (note the role of ATP) Chapter 5: 20. Why can RNA form more complex structures than DNA? 21. Explain how riboswitches work. 22. Explain the RNA world hypothesis. How does the ribosome structure support this model? Chapter 7: 23. Describe SDS-PAGE and western blotting, and the knowledge gained from each. 24. How can proteins be used to find their corresponding gene of interest in forward genetics? major difficulty with this approach in humans? 25. How can antibodies be used to identify the sequence and location of human genes? 26. Why was working with DNA more difficult than proteins? 27. What three main tools were available for analyzing and manipulating DNA in the early 19 harre? 2.

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A:

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Bacterial Genomics

The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.

Transformation Experiment in Bacteria

In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.

Plasmids and Vectors

The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.