TABLE Characteristics of DNA polymerases in E. coli 3' -5' Polymerase Exonuclease Exonuclease Activity 5' - 3' 5'-3' DNA Polymerase Activity Activity Function Removes and replaces primers Yes Yes Yes II DNA repair; restarts replication after damaged DNA halts synthesis Yes Yes No III Yes Yes No Elongates DNA IV Yes No No DNA repair Yes No No DNA repair; translesion DNA synthesis
Q: Which activity of E. coli DNA polymerase I is responsible for proofreading the newly synthesized…
A: The first known polymerase is the DNA Polymerase I. It is the enzyme that participates in…
Q: DNA polymerase I DNA polymerase II DNA ligase Primase RNA primer 5' Lagging strand 3' 3' Okazaki…
A: The process of copying of double stranded DNA by the application of several Enzymes and proteins…
Q: Using the figure below, what is molecule "A" (type a 1, 2 or 3 in the blank) nuclease ligase DNA…
A: 1. The ligase enzyme joins two nucleotide molecules together during transcription. The answer is…
Q: DNA polymerase IIl sometimes makes a mistake during replication and builds the wrong nucleotide into…
A: A mutation is a phenomenon in which the Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) segments are inserted into or…
Q: The best explanation for why DNA synthesis is discontinuous would be that ____. DNA polymerase can…
A: DNA replication is a process through which both the strands of the DNA get replicated to form a new…
Q: In Figure , which is the leading strand and which is the lagging strand?
A: DNA replication is a process that involves synthesis of new DNA on the pre-existing DNA using it as…
Q: DNA polymerase III sometimes makes a mistake during replication and builds the wrong nucleotide into…
A: Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that occurs as a result of errors in the DNA copying…
Q: Which of the following statements regarding the fidelity of DNA replication is true? OI. DNA…
A: DNA replication is the process of producing more copies of DNA. DNA replication occurs at both the…
Q: Which statement about Okazaki fragments is true? Select one: a. DNA polymerase doesn’t need a…
A: DNA replication is a process through which both the strands of the DNA get replicated to form a new…
Q: Which of the following are differences between prokaryotic DNA replication and eukaryotic DNA…
A: Replication is the process of producing two daughter identical copies of DNA from one original…
Q: Indicate the proteins involved in the following steps of DNA replication in E. coli a. ___________…
A: DNA replication is the process in which the DNA copies itself to form another DNA. This is the first…
Q: Which of the following correctly describes a difference between RNA & DNA polymerases? RNA…
A: Transcription is the biological process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, for example mRNA that…
Q: DNA polymerase III (the main polymerase) Helicase DNA ligase Single-stranded binding proteins DNA…
A: DNA replication is the process by which new DNA strands are produced from the old DNA strands by the…
Q: Which of the following are similar characteristics shared between DNA replication and transcription?…
A: Introduction :- Replication is the process of synthesis of the DNA molecule . It occurs in S (…
Q: Consider prokaryotes, choose the CORRECT enzyme/keyword for the following function/role: Seals the…
A: DNA Ligase
Q: Suppose a mutation occurs in a cell such that normal Okazaki fragments were created during DNA…
A: DNA helicase, is an enzyme that separate double-stranded DNA into single strands allowing each…
Q: During DNA replication, one of the new strands of DNA is synthesized continuously, while the other…
A: DNA is a molecule that has a repeating chain of identical five-carbon sugars (polymers) linked…
Q: Which of the following statements about DNA polymerase III holoenzyme from E. coli are correct. 1.…
A: DNA polymerase II is the primary enzyme involved in DNA replication. It is a multiprotein complex…
Q: Match each protein involved in DNA replication with its correct function in E. coli. An answer can…
A: DNA replication is the molecular process involving different enzymes in different steps of…
Q: Name of Enzyme Function Helicase Topoisomerase DNA polymerase Ligase 7. Make a list of steps that…
A: The tightly packed genetic material located in the nucleus of a living organism which is made up of…
Q: A solution contains DNA polymerase and the Mg ²+ salts of dATP, dGTP, dCTP, and TTP. The following…
A: Multiple copies of DNA copies can be achieved with the polymerase chain reaction in large amounts of…
Q: The sequence below shows the ends of one strand of a linear chromosome, with slashes representing…
A: DNA is the nucleic acids present in the organisms. DNA is the deoxy-ribose nucleic acid in which…
Q: Consider the following segment of DNA, which is part of a linear chromosome: LEFT…
A: DNA replication is the process by which the DNA is copied in the cell to make up more number of DNA…
Q: From standpoint of replication and transcription, explain how RNA polymerase is allowed to…
A: DNA is a double standard molecule. RNA is a single standard molecule. RNA is formed from DNA…
Q: The enzymatic activity of prokaryotic DNA polymerases is faster than that of eukaryotic DNA…
A: DNA replication is the synthesis of a new DNA strand. This synthesis of a new DNA strand takes place…
Q: 1. Photoreactivation destroys the covalent bond by using the light energy from the UV light source…
A: Photoreactivation is the mechanism of DNA repair. This is a light-dependent repair mechanism. It…
Q: Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a DNA strand in the 5' to 3' direction?
A: DNA polymerase Ill
Q: Sort the phrases into the appropriate bins depending on which protein they describe. 1) Binds at the…
A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication process involves copying DNA from the existing DNA. In DNA…
Q: DNA Polymerase Another enzyme, and arguably the most important, is DNA polymerase. This enzyme's…
A: DNA Polymerase and DNA Primase are the Enzymes responsible for the DNA replication process.
Q: DNA polymerases cannot initiate synthesis of a polynucleotide; they can only add nucleotides to the…
A: DNA is the genetic material in organisms. It is formed via polymerization of nitrogen base ,…
Q: pol III moves 5 pol I replaces primer A with DNA pol I binds to 5 end of primer A DNA ligase links…
A: DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one…
Q: Which of the following reactions is required for proofreading during DNA replication by DNA…
A: DNA polymerase III is the primary enzyme complex which is involved in prokaryotic DNA replication.…
Q: Discuss DNA replication of prokaryotes and please mention all of the enzymes and components listed…
A: DNA Replication mechanism The process of replication in living cells requires a set of enzymes. The…
Q: Using the figure below, what is molecule "A" (type a 1, 2 or 3 in the blank)
A: This question is based on the Dna replication.
Q: The image below shows the replication bubble of a piece of DNA in the process of replication.…
A: DNA replication is the process to make copies of DNA. The new DNA strands are always synthesized…
Q: Cas-9 is which type of enzyme? Group of answer choices DNA endonuclease DNA polymerase RNA…
A:
Q: Taq polymerase is a bacterial thermostable DNA polymerase that has a relatively low replication…
A: Taq polymerase is an enzyme used to amplify DNA in Polymerase chain reactions. Taq polymerase is a…
Q: Because the polymerization of nucleotides is an endergonic process, energy is required for it to…
A: Nucleotides are the basic structure of nucleic acid such as DNA, RNA, etc which serves the main…
Q: Molecules involved in DNA replication A. DNA Polymerase I B. DNA Polymerase II C. Single strand…
A: DNA replication is the process that involves formation of new daughter DNA strand based upon the…
Q: Match the lettered activities to the following enzymes. Remember that some enzymes have multiple…
A: DNA Polymerase III is an enzyme primarily involved with DNA replication in prokaryotes. In 1970, it…
Q: Match these replication associated terms with the appropriate definition or function. DNA consensus…
A: DNA replication is the process of making two identical copies of DNA from one single parent DNA.
Q: Select the statement(s) that accurately describe the function of DNA polymerase and the types of…
A: Mutation is a phenomenon that results in alteration of DNA sequences. This results in changes in the…
Q: Suppose that the double stranded DNA molecule shown was broken at the sites indicated by the gaps in…
A: Inversions are half-circle rotations of a region of a single chromosome. It is important to remember…
Q: Replication Bubbles When all of the bubbles have collided, two new strands of DNA have been made.…
A: DNA replication is the process by which a double stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two…
Q: DNA strands are anti-parallel and DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA in a 5' to 3' direction.…
A: Replication is the process of making two identical DNA molecules from a double-stranded DNA…
Q: Which of the following has activity that is most similar to RNA Polymerase? Helicase DNA…
A: RNA polymerase It is defined as the enzyme which is involved in copying the sequences of DNA into…
Q: Several proteins involved in DNA repair are used in multiple pathways. Which one of the following is…
A:
Q: Which of the following statements about polynucleotide formation is correct? As a polymer, DNA is…
A: Polynucleotides The word polynucleotides can be split into two words "poly" which means "many" and…
Q: Using the figure below, what is molecule "A" (type a 1, 2 or 3 in the blank) nuclease ligase DNA…
A: Central dogma includes three main processes Replication, Transcription, and Translation.…
Which of the DNA polymerases shown in Table have the ability to proofread?
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- Do virtual restriction digests of 300ng pGLO plasmid using HinDIII, EcoRI, and XhoI separately, and a double digest of pGLO with HinDIII plus EcoRI. How many nanograms of DNA should we expect to be contained within the slowest bandfrom the HinDIII-digest of pGLO?The following sequence of nucleotides is found in a single-stranded DNA template: ATTGCCAGATCATCCCAATAGAT Assume that RNA polymerase proceeds along this template from left to right. Q.Which end of the DNA template is 5′ and which end is 3′?Strand directed mismatch repair corrects copying erros based on Which of the following apply to the statement above, there maybe more than one. a. the strand containg breaks in the sugar backbone of the replicated DNA b. structurral instabilities created between oncorrect base pairing and associated histone proteins c. mutations that are evolutionary beneficial to an organims and recults in these areas of the genetic code to be turned off d. methylation of adenosine in GATC sequences during bacterial DNA replication e. repair sequence motifs that attract DNA polymerase gamma
- DNA polymerase I (Pol I) of E. coli consists of three functional parts (domains): an N-terminal domain with 5´ to 3´ exonuclease activities required for removal of the RNA primer, a central domain responsible for 3´ to 5´ exonuclease proofreading, and a C-terminal domain with polymerase activity. Pol I is thought to simultaneously remove RNA primers and fill in the gaps that result. A group of proteins known as RNaseH also have 5´ to 3´ exonuclease activity and can thus remove RNA primers. However, they lack the other two functions observed for Pol I. Predict the ability of the following mutants to replicate DNA: (1) a strain with a mutant gene encoding Pol I such that it no longer has polymerase activity (but retains both types of nuclease activities); (2) a strain without RNaseH proteins; (3) a strain with a mutant gene encoding Pol I such that it no longer has 5´ to 3´ exonuclease activities (but retains 3´ to 5´ nuclease and polymerase activities); (4) a strain with…PolyADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) plays a keyrole in the repair of DNA single-strand breaks. In the pres-ence of the PARP inhibitor olaparib, single-strand breaksaccumulate. When a replication fork encounters a sin-gle-strand break, it converts it to a double-strand break,which in normal cells is then repaired by homologousrecombination. In cells defective for homologous recom-bination, however, inhibition of PARP triggers cell death.Patients who have only one functional copy of theBrca1 gene, which is required for homologous recombina-tion, are at much higher risk for cancer of the breast andovary. Cancers that arise in these tissues in these patientscan be treated successfully with olaparib. Explain how it isthat treatment with olaparib kills the cancer cells in thesepatients, but does not harm their normal cells.Reiji and Tuneko Okazaki conducted a now classic experiment in1968 in which they discovered a population of short fragmentssynthesized during DNA replication. They introduced a shortpulse of 3H-thymidine into a culture of E. coli and extracted DNAfrom the cells at various intervals. In analyzing the DNA aftercentrifugation in denaturing gradients, they noticed that as theinterval between the time of 3H-thymidine introduction and thetime of centrifugation increased, the proportion of short strandsdecreased and more labeled DNA was found in larger strands.What would account for this observation?
- DNA polymerase I (Pol I) of E. coli consists of three functional parts (domains): an N-terminal domain with 59 to 39 exonuclease activity required for removal of the RNA primer, a central domain responsible for 39 to 59 exonuclease proofreading, and a C-terminal domain with polymerase activity. Pol I is thought to simultaneously remove RNA primers and fill in the gaps that result (figure 13.14). A group of proteins known as RNaseH also have 59 to 39 exonuclease activity and can thus remove RNA primers. However, they lack the other two functions observed for Pol I. Predict the ability of the following mutants to replicate DNA: (1) a strain with a mutant gene encoding Pol I such that it no longer has polymerase activity (but retains both types of nuclease activities); (2) a strain without RNaseH proteins; (3) a strain with a mutant gene encoding Pol I such that it no longer has 59 to 39 exonuclease activity (but retains 39 to 59 nuclease and polymerase activities); (4) a strain with the…The following sequence of nucleotides is found in a single-stranded DNA template: ATTGCCAGATCATCCCAATAGAT Assume that RNA polymerase proceeds along this template from left to right.To determine the reproducibility of mutation fre-quency measurements, you do the following experiment.You inoculate each of 10 cultures with a single E. coli bac-terium, allow the cultures to grow until each contains 106cells, and then measure the number of cells in each culturethat carry a mutation in your gene of interest. You were sosurprised by the initial results that you repeated the experi-ment to confirm them. Both sets of results display the sameextreme variability, as shown in Table Q5–1. Assuming thatthe rate of mutation is constant, why do you suppose thereis so much variation in the frequencies of mutant cells indifferent cultures?
- In a bacterial culture in which all cells are unable to synthesizeleucine (leu-), a potent mutagen is added, and the cells areallowed to undergo one round of replication. At that point, samplesare taken, a series of dilutions are made, and the cells areplated on either minimal medium or minimal medium containingleucine. The first culture condition (minimal medium) allowsthe growth of only leu+ cells, while the second culture condition(minimal medium with leucine added) allows growth of all cells.The results of the experiment are as follows: Culture Condition Dilution ColoniesMinimal medium 10-1 18Minimal medium + leucine 10-7 6What is the rate of mutation at the locus associated with leucinebiosynthesis?The anti-viral drug Acyclovir is a nucleotide analog that is lacking the 3’ OH group which is required to form a 3’→5’ phosphodiester bond. This drug is ineffective against DNA polymerases with proofreading abilities, which is why human DNA polymerases are not targeted. Acyclovir can be used to treatsevere cases of Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) infection, but has little to no effect under non-severe infections. Based on this information, EBV will use ________ DNA polymerase during severe infections and __________ DNA polymerase during non-severe infections. Human; Human EBV; Human EBV; EBV Human; EBVFor the following short sequence of double stranded DNA and the given primers, there will be one major duplex DNA product after many cycles (imagine 10 cycles) of PCR. Provide the sequence of this one major duplex product and label the 5’ and 3’ ends of each strand. Sequence to be amplified: 5’- GGTATTGGCTACTTACTGGCATCG- 3’ 3’- CCATAACCGATGAATGACCGTAGC- 5’ Primers: 5’-TGGC-3’ and 5’-TGCC-3’