Targeted therapies are used in patients with a set gene expression pattern. A targeted therapy that prevents the activation of the estrogen receptor in breast cancer would be beneficial to which type of patient? a. patients who express the EGFR receptor in normal cells b. patients with a mutation that inactivates the estrogen receptor c. patients with lots of the estrogen receptor expressed in their tumor d. patients that have no estrogen receptor expressed in their tumor

Targeted therapies are used in patients with a set gene expression pattern. A targeted therapy that prevents the activation of the estrogen receptor in breast cancer would be beneficial to which type of patient? a. patients who express the EGFR receptor in normal cells b. patients with a mutation that inactivates the estrogen receptor c. patients with lots of the estrogen receptor expressed in their tumor d. patients that have no estrogen receptor expressed in their tumor

Nutrition Now

8th Edition

ISBN:9781337415408

Author:Brown

Publisher:Brown

Chapter22: Diet And Cancer

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11RQ

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BRCA1 is a gene that codes for a tumor suppressor protein. If a person inherits a mutation in BRCA1, it greatly increases his or her risk of developing breast cancer. Are the cancer-causing mutations in the BRCA1 gene more likely to: A) not affect expression of the gene B) increase expression of the gene C) decrease expression of the gene
Which of the following accurately compares tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes? A. Both tumor suppressor and proto-oncogenes prevent the spread of cancer by targeting and destroying existing cancer cells. B. A person who has both tumor suppressor and proto-oncogenes will always develop cancer. C. Proto-oncogenes code for growth factors, while tumor suppressor genes inhibit cell division of damaged cells. D. When a proto-oncogene mutates, it becomes a tumor suppressor gene.
Which of the following associated with cancer development would you expect to be tumor promoters and not genotoxic carcinogens (select all that apply)? A. Excessive alcohol consumption that kills liver cells B. Bisphenol A which mimics the activity of estrogen C. Chemical in pesticides that binds and activates a transcription factor that cause activation of NFkB D. Chemical in cigarette smoke that forms adduct with DNA E. A viral infection that causes ulcerative coilitis of GI tract
Most forms of cancer involvea. the activation of a single oncogene.b. the inactivation of a single tumor-suppressor gene.c. the activation of multiple oncogenes.d. the activation of multiple oncogenes and the inactivation ofmultiple tumor-suppressor genes.
A mutation in Ras that prevents Ras from hydrolyzing GTP. Would cause? Why? A. Increased proliferation B. Decreased proliferation
1. VHL is a tumor suppressor because a. it causes cancer cells to become hypoxic b. it inhibits the enzyme proline hydroxylase c. it promotes the degradation of a powerful transcription factor. d. in the absence of VHL, HIF-1 is ubiquitylated by proline hydroxylase 2. NF-1 is a tumor suppressor because A. it inactivates Ras by promoting the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP B. it promotes the methylation of the Ras gene promoter C. it is a phosphatase that dephosphorylates the kinases in the Ras effector pathways D. it inhibits the GEF (guanine exchange factor) that activates Ras please answer both question cause this is my last posting question thank you
Which of the following factors contributes to angiogenesis as a result of a tumor growth? Select all that apply: a. Increasing tumor's access to oxygen and nutrients b. Increasing tumor's ability for growth, invasion, and metastasis c. Increasing expression of proto-oncogenes for cancer cells d. Increasing expression of tumor-suppressor genes for cancer cells
Gene expression array technology has been used to do which of the following (select all that apply)? A. Determine liklihood of metastasis B. Determine the most relevant treatment for individual patients based on their genomic “signature.” C. Determine therapeutic index of cancer drug D. Predict the likelihood of disease recurrence in individuals based on gene expression signatures E. Stratify patients with breast cancer into groups predictive of response to therapy
Tumor-suppressor genes promote cancer whena. they are overexpressed.b. they are expressed in the wrong cell type.c. their function is inactivated.d. they are expressed at the wrong stage of development.
Explain the importance of cell receptors in breast cancer therapy.
A. Which genes could be used to monitor the process of the disease? B. If you worked for a drug company developing a treatment for the cancer, which genes would you target to turn on in cancer cells? C. Which genes would you target to turn off in cancer cells?
Why is it easier to manipulate embryonic stem cells to differentiate into various tissues than it is to manipulate a typical adult cell? a. As cells develop, signaling pathways can cause some genes to be turned off during development. b. Adult cells have different DNA content than do embryonic stem cells. c. Emybronic stem cells pose less of a threat for organ rejection as do an individual s own adult cells. d. It is no easier to manipulate emybronic stem cells to differentiate into various tissues than it is to manipulate a typical adult cell.