The citric acid cycle is mainly controlled at the first two NADH-producing reactions catalyzed by ___________ and ___________, respectively. Group of answer choices isocitrate dehydrogenase; alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex; malate dehydrogenase isocitrate dehydrogenase; malate dehydrogenase pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; isocitrate dehydrogenase

The citric acid cycle is mainly controlled at the first two NADH-producing reactions catalyzed by _ and _, respectively. Group of answer choices isocitrate dehydrogenase; alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex; malate dehydrogenase isocitrate dehydrogenase; malate dehydrogenase pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; isocitrate dehydrogenase

Biochemistry

6th Edition

ISBN:9781305577206

Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Publisher:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham

Chapter19: The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 22P: Study Figure 19.18 and decide which of the following statements is false. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is...

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One of the consequences of ethanol addiction is fattyliver disease, an illness in which liver cells accumulatetriacylglycerols, the esters derived from glycerol and fattyacids. Ethanol is oxidized in the cytoplasm of liver cells byalcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase to yieldacetate and 2 NADH. Acetate is then transported into themitochondrion, where it is converted to acetyl-CoA andmetabolized by the citric acid cycle. When alcohol is consumed in excessive quantities, the resulting high levels ofNADH cause metabolic abnormalities, one of which is highlevels of fatty acid synthesis. Fatty acid synthesis, also acytoplasmic process, uses acetyl-CoA as a substrate andNADPH as a reducing agent. Determine how a high level ofcytoplasmic NADH provides a source of NADPH for fattyacid synthesis.
Each of the following citric acid cycle enzymes catalyzes electron transfer to NADH/FADH2 except A) isocitrate dehydrogenase. B) α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. C) succinyl CoA synthetase. D) succinate dehydrogenase. E) malate dehydrogenase.
One consequence of ethanol addiction is fatty liver disease, an illness in which liver cells accumulate large amounts of triacylglycerols, the esters derived from glycerol and fatty acids. Ethanol is oxidized in the cytoplasm of liver cells by alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase to yield acetate and 2 NADH. Acetate is then transported into the mitochondrion, where it is converted to acetyl-CoA and metabolized in the citric acid cycle. When alcohol is consumed in excessive quantities, the resulting high levels of NADH cause metabolic abnormalities, one of which is high levels of fatty acid synthesis. Fatty acid synthesis, also a cytoplasmic process, uses acetyl-CoA as a substrate and NADPH as a reducing agent. Speculate about how a high level of cytoplasmic NADH provides a source of NADPH for fatty acid synthesis.
Which of the following citric acid cycle enzymes catalyzes substrate-level phosphorylation? A) isocitrate dehydrogenase B) α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase C) succinyl CoA synthetase D) succinate dehydrogenase E) malate dehydrogenase
During Krebs cycle, the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-keto glutarate involves all of the following reactions/mechanisms except Reduction of isocitrate Reduction of NAD+ Decarboxylation of isocitrate Oxidation of isocitrate
Choose all the enzymes or enzyme systems of the citric acid cycle that could be classified as oxidoreductases. (Select all that apply.) succinate dehydrogenase aconitase isocitrate dehydrogenase α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex citrate synthase fumarase malate dehydrogenase
What are the two most common inhibitors of stepsof the citric acid cycle and the reaction catalyzed by pyruvatedehydrogenase?
The initial step of the citric acid cycle is a. Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA b. Formation of ? -ketoglutarate catalysed by isocitrate dehydrogenase c. Condensation of acetyl-CoA with oxaloacetate d. Conversion of citrate to isocitrate
The “bridge reaction”, using pyruvate dehydrogenase, is highly exergonic and is essentially irreversible. Name the 3 outcomes (name any activated carriers produced, name the molecule that is produced from losing one carbon atom from pyruvate, and name any modification to the remaining two carbon compound of interest ) of the separate enzyme activities found within the large dehydrogenase complex.
During strenuous exercise, the NADH formed in the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction in skeletal muscle must be reoxidized to NAD+ if glycolysis is to continue. The most important reaction involved in the reoxidation of NADH is: a. dihydroxyacetone phosphate → glycerol 3-phosphate b. glucose 6-phosphate → fructose 6-phosphate c. isocitrate → α-ketoglutarate d. oxaloacetate → malate e. pyruvate → lactate
The steps of glycolysis between glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate involve all of the following except: a. ATP synthesis. b. catalysis by phosphoglycerate kinase. c. oxidation of NADH to NAD+. d. the formation of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. e. utilization of Pi.
What yield of ATP can be expected from complete oxidation of each of the following substrates by the reactionsof glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation?(a) Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate(b) Glucose(c) Phosphoenolpyruvate(d) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate(e) NADH(f) Pyruvate