The oxygen requirement for cell growth in glucose can be represented by the following equation (Mateles, 1971) ro2 32Nc+8(Nh2)+16(No2) Yx/sM +yo2 – 2.67yc + 1.714yN2 – 8y H2 In which ro2 is the oxygen required for each gram of cells produced, N stands for no. of atoms present in each molecule substrate, y stands for mass fractions and M is the MW of the substrate. The yeast cell may be considered to be CH1.800.5NO.2. Calculate rO2 if the yield factor (Yx/s) is 0.46g of cells produced for each gram of substrate consumed.
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- 1. Know the structures of DNP-glycine and of the chromophore associated with cytochrome C. Low Salt Volume of blue band = 5.2 ml (Void Volume) Volume of yellow band = 2.6ml Volume of red band = 11ml High Salt Volume of blue band = 4.2 ml -> Void Volume Volume of yellow band = 5.2 Volume of red band = 1.2 2. What is the exclusion limit and the fractionation range for CM-Sephadex resin used? 3. What are the ion exchange reactions which occur when the coloured mixture is first applied to the column under low salt conditions? What exchange reactions occur upon the change of buffer from low salt to high salt concentrations? 4. What were the values for Vo and Vi for this column? Where the values for Vo and Vi the same under both conditions? 5. Explain the order in which the various components of the mixture elute under each condition in terms of their physical properties and the nature of the CMSephadex G-50 column. Would the same order be observed with a G-50 Sephadex column (i.e. no…Based on this graph, it appears that carboxylesterase is most active at a pH of A. 3.5B. 1.5C. 5D. 4C6H12O6 + a*O2 + b*NH3 --> c*CH1.8O0.6N0.12 + d*CO2 + e*H2O + f*C6H8O7 Citric acid can be produced according to the above formula by aerobically growing Aspergillus niger mold in a solution containing glucose as a substrate. The chemical composition of this mold is CH1.8O0.6N0.12. The yield of biomass from glucose is 0.34 g g-1 and the yield of citric acid from glucose is 0.535 g g-1. Using a reduction balance, calculate how many moles of oxygen are needed per mole of glucose. In this calculation, use the following rounded even values as atomic weights for all calculations: C=12 g/mol, H=1 g/mol, O=16 g/mol ja N=14 g/mol. So how many moles of oxygen are needed per mole of glucose ? Calculate the answer to three decimal places.
- The steps of the chymotrypsin mechanisms are listed below (1-7). Put the steps of chymotrypsin mechanism in the correct order. Figure representing chymotrypsin mechanism is given for reference. a.The portion (N-terminal end) of original substrate with the new C terminus diffuses away b. Substrate binding c. His 57 catalyzes removal of H from Ser 195 hydroxyl; Ser 195’s nucleophilic O attacks carbonyl C of substrate; tetrahedral intermediate is formed d. Water binding; water is deprotonated by His 57; resulting OH nucleophilically attacks carbonyl of remaining substrate; tetrahedral intermediate is formed e. His 57 donates H to N of…What is the optimal substrate concentration for the enzymatic reaction presented in the Lineweaver-Burk plot below? a. -0.3211 units/mL b. –3.114 units/mL c. None of these values represent the optimal substrate concentration shown in the Lineweaver-Burk plot d. 3.114 units/mL e. 0.3211 units/mLA bacterial culture is grown using either octadecane (C18H38) or pentachlorophenol (C6HCl5O) as the sole source of carbon and energy. The cell yield value is determined by dry weight analysis to be 1.49 for octadecane and 0.05 for pentachlorophenol. Using either octadecane or pentachlorophenol, please describe the steps taken (and the final result) showing what percentage of the substrate carbon will be found as cell mass and as CO2? Please show all calculations.
- . A certain medium has the following composition: Glucose 15 g Yeast extract 5 g Peptone 5 g KH2PO4 2 g Distilled water 1,000 ml Tell what chemical category this medium belongs to, and explain why this is true. How could you convert Staphylococcus medium (table 3.6A) into a nonsynthetic medium? a. Name four categories that blood agar fits. Alpha hemolysis Beta hemolysis Gamma Alpha prime Name four differential reactions that TSIA shows. Observe figure 3.15. Suggest what causes the difference in growth pattern between nonmotile and motile bacteria. Explain what a medium that is both selective and differential does, using figure 3.18. a. What kind of medium might you make to selectively grow a bacterium that lives in the ocean? MSA Mannitol salt agar One that lives in the human stomach? Why are intestinal bacteria able to grow…A bacterial culture is grown using either octadecane (C18H38) or pentachlorophenol (C6HOCl5)) as the sole source of carbon and energy. The cell yield value is determined by dry weight analysis to be 1.49 for octadecane and 0.05 for pentachlorophenol. Using either octadecane or pentachlorophenol, please describe the steps taken (and the final result) showing what percentage of the substrate carbon will be found as cell mass and as CO2? Please show all calculations and give correct answers.A bacterial culture is grown using either octadecane (C18H38) or pentachlorophenol (C6HOCl5)) as the sole source of carbon and energy. The cell yield value is determined by dry weight analysis to be 1.49 for octadecane and 0.05 for pentachlorophenol. Using either octadecane or pentachlorophenol, please describe the steps taken (and the final result) showing what percentage of the substrate carbon will be found as cell mass and as CO2? Please show all calculations and give correct answers. Please answer the question.
- Succinic acid is produced by Actinobacillus succinogenes with the following medium composition (g/L): glucose, 50; yeast extract, 5; NaCl, l; Na2HPO4, 0.3; NaH2PO4, 1.4; K2HPO4, 1.5; MgC12.6H20, 0.2; CaC12.2H20, 0.23. The pH is controlled and maintained at 3.63. Estimate the range of upper limit, if 0.8% of deadband is applied. With a schematic diagram, explain how to maintain the pH throughout the fermentation process.Can xylane powder from beechwood be dissolved in M9 media? I'm evaluating the production of hydrogen with E. coli (it has a construction that alows this strain to depolimerize xylane into xylose monomers by an endoxylanase), but i have a limited amount of this xylane, and i read TB, AM1 & M9 mediums were used, but they don't say if they just poured the xylan powder into the media solution, i also read they autoclaved it with a soft acid solution and then neutralized it with a basic soluction, but this is an acid hydrolyzate (AH) plus enzymatic hydrolysis (EH). It ´s certain that using both would enhance available xylose concentration, but i want to evaluate EH by itself, and i still can't find if it is just added as powder to the media. Would it dissolve? do i have to add some kind of buffer to the media?.The absorption of ketoconazole has been shown to be impaired in patients with drug-induced achlorhydria. The drug absorption was increased significantly to approximately 65% when the drug was taken with an acidic beverage such as Coca-Cola (pH 2.5). Ketoconazole is a synthetic azole antifungal agent and a weakly dibasic compound with pKa of 2.9 and 6.5. Using the information provided and the pH partition hypothesis, justify the use of Coca-Cola to improve the absorption of this antifungal agent.