Some scientists think there are living things smaller than bacteria (New York Times, January 18, 2000, p. D1). Called “nanobes,” they are roughly cylindrical and range from 20 to 150 nm long and about 10 nm in diameter. One approach to determining whether nanobes are living is to estimate how many atoms and molecules could make up a nanobe. If the number is too small, then there would not be enough DNA, protein, and other biological molecules to carry out life processes. To test this method, estimate an upper limit for the number of atoms that could be in a nanobe. (Use a small atom, such as hydrogen.) Also estimate how many protein molecules could fit inside a nanobe. Do your estimates rule out the possibility that a nanobe could be living? Explain why or why not.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
- 2.97 LDPE has a density in the range of 0.915—0.935 g/cm3, and HDPF has a density in the range of 0.940—0.965 g/cm3. You receive a small disk, 2.0 cm high with a 6.0-cm diameter, from a manufacturer of polyethylene, but its label is missing. You measure the mass of the disk and find that it is 53.8 g. Is the material HDPE or LDPE?arrow_forward3.83 For the reaction of nitrogen, N2, and hydrogen, H2, to form ammonia, NH3, a student is attempting to draw a particulate diagram, as shown below. Did the student draw a correct representation of the reaction? If not, what was the error the student made?arrow_forwardOn October 21, 1982, the Bureau of the Mint changed the composition of pennies (see Exercise 120). Instead of an alloy of 95% Cu and 5% Zn by mass, a core of 99.2% Zn and 0.8% Cu with a thin shell of copper was adopted. The overall composition of the new penny was 97.6% Zn and 2.4% Cu by mass. Does this account for the difference in mass among die pennies in Exercise 120? Assume the volume of the individual metals that make up each penny can be added together to give the overall volume of the penny, and assume each penny is the same size. (Density of Cu = 8.96 g/cm3; density of Zn = 7.14 g/cm3).arrow_forward
- Which of these statements are qualitative? Which are quantitative? Explain your choice in each case. (a) Sodium is a silvery-white metal. (b) Aluminum melts at 660 C. (c) Carbon makes up about 23% of the human body by mass. (d) Pure carbon occurs in different forms: graphite, diamond, and fullerenes.arrow_forwardThe use of freons is being phased out because of the damage these compounds do to the stratospheric ozone layer. One of the freons, CCl2F2, is manufactured from carbon tetrachloride and hydrogen fluoride. a. If a manufacturer wishes to convert 179 kg of carbon tetrachloride into CCl2F2, what is the minimum mass (in kg) of hydrogen fluoride required? b. What is the mass of CCl2F2 will be obtained if this reaction is 100 % efficient? c. What is the mass of HCl will be obtained if this reaction is 100 % efficient?arrow_forwardYou have a mole of ping pong balls and want to ship them to a near-by town. You have packing boxes that measure 24 inches by 24 inches by 18 inches. How many boxes do you need to pack up all the ping pong balls? The radius of a ping pong ball is 20 mm. If you make any approximations or assumptions, please list them.arrow_forward
- Q5. As part of the aspirin synthesis lab, the orgo students also had to perform the following calculation to demonstrate their knowledge. Are you able to help them work this out? Saponification is a process in which soap is produced from the chemical reaction between animal fat (triglycerides) and a strong base such as KOH. An example of such a balanced chemical reaction is shown here: C51H98O6 + 3KOH à C3H5(OH)3 + 3C16H31O2K Triglyceride Soap If, during the saponification reaction, 231.5 g of C51H98O6 is mixed with 231.5 g of KOH and 160 g of soap is produced: Calculate the theoretical yield of soap (in grams), C16H31O2K, and indicate which species is the limiting reactant. Provide your answer to 2 decimal places (5). Calculate the percent yield for this reaction. Provide your answer to 1 decimal place (1). Show ALL steps and equations involved in your calculations. Remember to label all steps clearly and use appropriate units.arrow_forwardThe physician has ordered 1.0 gg of tetracycline to be given every six hours to a patient. If your stock on hand is 500-mgmg tablets, how many will you need for one day's treatment? Express the number of tablets as an integer.arrow_forwardwhat is an atom? What is it characteristics? How does an atom live and exists in the biosphere?arrow_forward
- If a cube of table sugar, which is made of sucrose, C12H22O11, is added to concentrated sulfuric acid, the acid "dehydrates" the sugar, removing the hydrogen and oxygen from it and leaving behind a lump of carbon. What fraction of the initial mass of sugar that remains is carbon? The answer should be in decimal form.arrow_forwardA sample of an ethanol-water solution has a volume of 54.4 cm^3 and a mass of 49.9 g. What is the percentage of ethanol (by mass) in the solution? (Assume that there is no change in volume when the pure compounds are mixed.) The density of ethanol is 0.789 g/cm^3 and that of water is 0.998 g/cm^3.arrow_forwardGiven your experience in mass determinations and with volumetric glassware, which factor used in calculating the density - mass or volume - is likely to be measurable with greater precision? Explain.arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
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