Chapter 10, Problem 10.26P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The reaction, ${\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}\stackrel{{\text{Br}}_{\text{2}},\text{light}}{\to }{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{Br}$, is to be classified as oxidation, a reduction, or neither. The number of electrons transferred in the reaction is to be stated when the corresponding reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Concept introduction:

A redox reaction is a type of reaction in which one reacting species gets oxidize and other reacting species is reduced. The exchange of electron takes place between the reacting species. Water molecules and protons can be used to balance a redox chemical reaction in the acidic medium.

Answer to Problem 10.26P

The reaction, ${\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}\stackrel{{\text{Br}}_{\text{2}},\text{light}}{\to }{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{Br}$, is classified as an oxidation reaction. The number of electrons transferred in the reaction is $2$.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is shown below.

${\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}\stackrel{{\text{Br}}_{\text{2}},\text{light}}{\to }{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{Br}$

The reactant and products with an oxidation number of atoms are shown below.

Figure 1

The oxidation number of reactant is lower than the oxidation number of the product. Therefore, the reaction is an oxidation reaction.

The number of electrons transfer in the reaction is given by the expression as shown below.

$n=\left|N_{ox}\left(\text{reactant}\right)-N_{ox}\left(\text{product}\right)\right|$

Where,

• $N_{ox}\left(\text{reactant}\right)$ is the oxidation number of reactant.

• $N_{ox}\left(\text{product}\right)$ is the oxidation number of the product.

Substitute the values of $N_{ox}\left(\text{reactant}\right)$ and $N_{ox}\left(\text{product}\right)$ in the above equation.

$\begin{array}{rll}n& =& \left|-4-\left(-2\right)\right|\\ & =& 2\end{array}$

Therefore, the number of electrons transferred in the reaction is $2$.

Conclusion

The number of electrons transferred in the oxidation reaction is $2$.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be classified as an oxidation, a reduction, or neither. The number of electrons transferred in the reaction is to be stated when the corresponding reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Concept introduction:

A redox reaction is a type of reaction in which one reacting species gets oxidize and other reacting species is reduced. The exchange of electron takes place between the reacting species. Water molecules and protons can be used to balance a redox chemical reaction in the acidic medium.

Answer to Problem 10.26P

The given reaction is classified as oxidation reaction. The number of electrons transferred in the reaction is $6$.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is shown below.

Figure 2

The reactant and products with oxidation number of atoms are shown below.

Figure 3

The oxidation number of reactant is lower than the oxidation number of the product. Therefore, the reaction is an oxidation reaction.

The number of electrons transfer in the reaction is given by the expression as shown below.

$n=\left|N_{ox}\left(\text{reactant}\right)-N_{ox}\left(\text{product}\right)\right|$

Where,

• $N_{ox}\left(\text{reactant}\right)$ is the oxidation number of reactant.

• $N_{ox}\left(\text{product}\right)$ is the oxidation number of the product.

Substitute the values of $N_{ox}\left(\text{reactant}\right)$ and $N_{ox}\left(\text{product}\right)$ in the above equation.

$\begin{array}{rll}n& =& \left|-3-\left(3\right)\right|\\ & =& 6\end{array}$

Therefore, the number of electrons transferred in the reaction is $6$.

Conclusion

The number of electrons transferred in the oxidation reaction is $6$.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reaction, ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{I}\stackrel{{\text{LiAlH}}_{\text{4}}}{\to }{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}+{\text{I}}^{-}$, is to be classified as an oxidation, a reduction, or neither. The number of electrons transferred in the reaction is to be stated when the corresponding reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Concept introduction:

A redox reaction is a type of reaction in which one reacting species gets oxidize and other reacting species is reduced. The exchange of electron takes place between the reacting species. Water molecules and protons can be used to balance a redox chemical reaction in the acidic medium.

Answer to Problem 10.26P

The reaction, ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{I}\stackrel{{\text{LiAlH}}_{\text{4}}}{\to }{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}+{\text{I}}^{-}$, is to be classified as a reduction reaction, The number of electrons transferred in the reaction is $2$.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is shown below.

${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}\text{I}\stackrel{{\text{LiAlH}}_{\text{4}}}{\to }{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}+{\text{I}}^{-}$

The reactant and products with oxidation number of atoms are shown below.

Figure 4

The oxidation number of reactant is higher than the oxidation number of the product. Therefore, the reaction is the reduction reaction.

The number of electrons transfer in the reaction is given by the expression as shown below.

$n=\left|N_{ox}\left(\text{reactant}\right)-N_{ox}\left(\text{product}\right)\right|$

Where,

• $N_{ox}\left(\text{reactant}\right)$ is the oxidation number of reactant.

• $N_{ox}\left(\text{product}\right)$ is the oxidation number of the product.

Substitute the values of $N_{ox}\left(\text{reactant}\right)$ and $N_{ox}\left(\text{product}\right)$ in the above equation.

$\begin{array}{rll}n& =& \left|-1-\left(-3\right)\right|\\ & =& 2\end{array}$

Therefore, the number of electrons transferred in the reaction is $2$.

Conclusion

The number of electrons transferred in the reduction reaction is $2$.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be classified as an oxidation, a reduction, or neither. The number of electrons transferred in the reaction is to be stated when the corresponding reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Concept introduction:

A redox reaction is a type of reaction in which one reacting species gets oxidize and other reacting species is reduced. The exchange of electron takes place between the reacting species. Water molecules and protons can be used to balance a redox chemical reaction in the acidic medium.

Answer to Problem 10.26P

The given reaction is to be classified as oxidation reaction. The number of electrons transferred in the reaction is $2$.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is shown below.

Figure 5

The reactant and products with oxidation number of atoms are shown below.

Figure 6

The oxidation number of reactant is lower than the oxidation number of the product. Therefore, the reaction is an oxidation reaction.

The number of electrons transfer in the reaction is given by the expression as shown below.

$n=\left|N_{ox}\left(\text{reactant}\right)-N_{ox}\left(\text{product}\right)\right|$

Where,

• $N_{ox}\left(\text{reactant}\right)$ is the oxidation number of reactant.

• $N_{ox}\left(\text{product}\right)$ is the oxidation number of the product.

Substitute the values of $N_{ox}\left(\text{reactant}\right)$ and $N_{ox}\left(\text{product}\right)$ in the above equation.

$\begin{array}{rll}n& =& \left|-2-\left(0\right)\right|\\ & =& 2\end{array}$

Therefore, the number of electrons transferred in the reaction is $2$.

Conclusion

The number of electrons transferred in the oxidation reaction is $2$.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be classified as an oxidation, a reduction, or neither. The number of electrons transferred in the reaction is to be stated when the corresponding reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Concept introduction:

A redox reaction is a type of reaction in which one reacting species gets oxidize and other reacting species is reduced. The exchange of electron takes place between the reacting species. Water molecules and protons can be used to balance a redox chemical reaction in the acidic medium.

Answer to Problem 10.26P

The given reaction is to be classified as oxidation reaction. The number of electrons transferred in the reaction is $5$.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is shown below.

Figure 7

The reactant and products with oxidation number of atoms are shown below.

Figure 8

The oxidation number of reactant is lower than the oxidation number of product. Therefore, the reaction is oxidation reaction.

The number of electrons transfer in the reaction is given by the expression as shown below.

$n=\left|N_{ox}\left(\text{reactant}\right)-N_{ox}\left(\text{product}\right)\right|$

Where,

• $N_{ox}\left(\text{reactant}\right)$ is the oxidation number of reactant.

• $N_{ox}\left(\text{product}\right)$ is the oxidation number of the product.

Substitute the values of $N_{ox}\left(\text{reactant}\right)$ and $N_{ox}\left(\text{product}\right)$ in the above equation.

$\begin{array}{rll}n& =& \left|0-\left(5\right)\right|\\ & =& 5\end{array}$

Therefore, the number of electrons transferred in the reaction is $5$.

Conclusion

The number of electrons transferred in the oxidation reaction is $5$.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be classified as an oxidation, a reduction, or neither. The number of electrons transferred in the reaction is to be stated when the corresponding reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Concept introduction:

A redox reaction is a type of reaction in which one reacting species gets oxidize and other reacting species is reduced. The exchange of electron takes place between the reacting species. Water molecules and protons can be used to balance a redox chemical reaction in the acidic medium.

Answer to Problem 10.26P

The given reaction is to be classified as neither oxidation reaction nor reduction reaction.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is shown below.

Figure 9

The reactant and products with an oxidation number of atoms are shown below.

Figure 10

The oxidation number of reactant is equal to the oxidation number of the product. Therefore, the reaction is neither oxidation reaction nor reduction reaction.

Conclusion

The compound neither oxidized nor reduced.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be classified as an oxidation, a reduction, or neither. The number of electrons transferred in the reaction is to be stated when the corresponding reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Concept introduction:

A redox reaction is a type of reaction in which one reacting species gets oxidize and other reacting species is reduced. The exchange of electron takes place between the reacting species. Water molecules and protons can be used to balance a redox chemical reaction in the acidic medium.

Answer to Problem 10.26P

The given reaction is to be classified as a reduction reaction. The number of electrons transferred in the reaction is $1$.

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is shown below.

Figure 11

The reactant and products with oxidation number of atoms are shown below.

\

Figure 12

The oxidation number of reactant is higher than the oxidation number of the product. Therefore, the reaction is reduction reaction.

The number of electrons transfer in the reaction is given by the expression as shown below.

$n=\left|N_{ox}\left(\text{reactant}\right)-N_{ox}\left(\text{product}\right)\right|$

Where,

• $N_{ox}\left(\text{reactant}\right)$ is the oxidation number of reactant.

• $N_{ox}\left(\text{product}\right)$ is the oxidation number of the product.

Substitute the values of $N_{ox}\left(\text{reactant}\right)$ and $N_{ox}\left(\text{product}\right)$ in the above equation.

$\begin{array}{rll}n& =& \left|-6-\left(-7\right)\right|\\ & =& 1\end{array}$

Therefore, the number of electrons transferred in the reaction is $1$.

Conclusion

The number of electrons transferred in the reduction reaction is $1$.