Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The advantages of carbohydrates to nucleosides,
Concept Introduction:
Carbohydrates are
(b)
Interpretation:
An explanation corresponding to the fact that ribose is preferable for sugar-phosphate backbone instead of glucose is to be stated.
Concept Introduction:
Carbohydrates are biomolecules that consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The general empirical formula of carbohydrates that holds for monosaccharides is
(c)
Interpretation:
An explanation corresponding to the fact that
Concept Introduction:
Carbohydrates are biomolecules that consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. The general empirical formula of carbohydrates that holds for monosaccharides is
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Biochemistry
- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Evaluation of -Helices in Proteins The hem agglutinin protein in influenza virus contains a remarkably long -helix, with 53 residues. How long is this -helix (in nm)? How many turns does this helix have? The typical residue in an -helix is involved in two H bonds. How many H bonds are present in this helix?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. To fully appreciate the elements of secondary structure in proteins, it is useful to have a practical sense of their structures. On a piece of paper, draw a simple but large zigzag pattern to represent a -strand. Then fill in the structure, drawing the locations of the moms of the chain on this zigzag pattern. Then draw a simple, large coil on a piece of paper to represent an -helix. Then fill in the structure, drawing the backbone atoms in the correction locations along the coil and indicating the locations of the R groups in your drawing.arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Solving the Sequence of an Oligopeptide From Sequence Analysis Data Amino acid analysis of a decapeptide revealed the presence of the following products: The following facts were observed: Neither car boxy peptidase A nor B treatment of the- decapeptide had any effect. Trypsin treatment yielded two tetrapcptides and free Lys. Clostripain treatment yielded a tetrapcptide and a hexapeptidc. Cyanogen bromide treatment yielded an octapeptide and a dipeptide of sequence NP (using the one-letter codes). Chymotrypsin treatment yielded two tripeptides and a telrapeptide. The N-terminal chymotryptic peptide had a net charge of — 1 at neutral pi I and a net charge of —3 al pH 12. One cycle of Ed man degradation gave the PTH derivative What is the ammo acid sequence of this decapeptide?arrow_forward
- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Oligonucleotide Structure Draw the chemical structure of pACG.arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. (Research Problem) The Nature and Roles of Linear Motifs in Proteins In addition to domains and modules, there are other significant sequence patterns in proteins—known as linear motifs—that are associated with a particular function. Consult the biochemical literature to answer the following questions: 1. What are linear motifs? 2. How are they different from domains?. 3. What are their functions? 4. How can they be characterized? 5. There are several papers that are good starting points for this problem. Neduva, V., and Russell, R., 2005. Linear motifs: evolutionary interaction switches. FEBS Letters 579:3342-3345. Gibson, T., 2009. Cell regulation: determined to signal discrete cooperation. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 34:471-482. Diella, K. Haslam, N., Chica., C. et aL, 2009. Understanding eukaryotic linear motifs and their role in cell signaling and regulation. Frontiers of Bioscience 13:6580-6603.arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Proteins and nucleic acids are informational macromolecules. What are the two minimal criteria for a linear informational polymer?arrow_forward
- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Calculating Tms and Separating DNA Molecules That Differ in G:C Content At 0.2 M Na+, the melting temperature of double-stranded DNA is given by the formula, Tm = 69.3 + 0 41 (% G + C). The DNAs from mice and rats have (G + C) contents of 44% and 40%, respectively. Calculate the Tms for these DNAs in 0.2 M NaCl. If samples of these DNAs were inadvertently mixed, how might they be separated from one another?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Structural complementarity is the key to molecular recognition, a lesson learned in Chapter 1. The principle of structural complementarity is relevant to answering problems 5, 6, 7,11, 12, and 19. The quintessential example of structural complementarity in all of biology is the DNA double helix. What features of the DNA double helix exemplify structural complementarity?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. The Structure and Ionization Properties of Nucleotides Draw the principal ionic species of occurring at pH 2.arrow_forward
- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Solving the Sequence of an Oligopeptide From Sequence Analysis Data Amino acid analysis of ail oligopeptide seven residues long gave The following fads were observed: a. Trypsin treatment had no apparent effect. b. The phenylthiohydantoin released by Lid mini degradation was c. Brief chymotrypsin treatment yielded several products, including a dipeptide and a tetrapeptide. The amino acid composition of the tetrapeptide was Leu, Lyi. and Met. d. Cyanogen bromide treatment yielded a dipeptide, a tetrapeptide, and free Lys. What is the amino acid sequence of this heptapeptide?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Separating Glycated Hb From Normal Hb (Integrates with Chapters 5 and 6.) Human hemoglobin can react with sugars in the blood (usually glucose) to form covalent adducts. The α-amino groups of N-terminal valine in the Hb -subunits react with the C-1 (aldehyde) carbons of monosaceharides to form aldimine add wets, which rearrange to form very stable ketoamine products. Quantitation of this “glycated hemoglobin is important clinically, especially for diabetic individuals. Suggest at least three methods by which glycated lib (also referred to as HbA1c) could be separated from normal Hb and quantitated.arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. The Base Sequence in the Two Polynucleotide Chairs of a DNA Double Helix Is Complementary Adhering to the convention of writing nucleotide sequences in the 5' 3' direction, what is the nucleotide sequence of the DNA strand that is complementary to d-ATCGCAACTGTCACTA?arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning