Fundamentals of Biostatistics
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305268920
Author: Bernard Rosner
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 2P
Consider the Physicians’ Health Study data presented in Example 10.37 (p. 411).
10.1 How many participants need to be enrolled in each group to have a 90% chance of detecting a significant difference using a two-sided test with α = .05 if compliance is perfect?
Answer Problem 10.1 if compliance is as given in Example 10.37.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Question 17: A well-known brokerage firm executive claimed that 90% of investors are currently confident of meeting their investment goals. An XYZ Investor Optimism Survey, conducted over a two week period, found that in a sample of 100 people, 81% of them said they are confident of meeting their goals.Test the claim that the proportion of people who are confident is smaller than 90% at the 0.05 significance level.The null and alternative hypothesis would be:
H0:p≤0.9H0:p≤0.9H1:p>0.9H1:p>0.9
H0:μ≤0.9H0:μ≤0.9H1:μ>0.9H1:μ>0.9
H0:μ≥0.9H0:μ≥0.9H1:μ<0.9H1:μ<0.9
H0:μ=0.9H0:μ=0.9H1:μ≠0.9H1:μ≠0.9
H0:p=0.9H0:p=0.9H1:p≠0.9H1:p≠0.9
H0:p≥0.9H0:p≥0.9H1:p<0.9H1:p<0.9
The test is:
two-tailed
right-tailed
left-tailed
The test statistic is: (to 3 decimals)The p-value is: (to 4 decimals)Based on this we:
Fail to reject the null hypothesis
Reject the null hypothesis
Question 9
A well-known brokerage firm executive claimed that 60% of investors are currently confident of meeting their investment goals. An XYZ Investor Optimism Survey, conducted over a two week period, found that in a sample of 100 people, 61% of them said they are confident of meeting their goals.Test the claim that the proportion of people who are confident is larger than 60% at the 0.10 significance level.The null and alternative hypothesis would be:
H0:μ≤0.6H0:μ≤0.6H1:μ>0.6H1:μ>0.6
H0:p≥0.6H0:p≥0.6H1:p<0.6H1:p<0.6
H0:p≤0.6H0:p≤0.6H1:p>0.6H1:p>0.6
H0:μ≥0.6H0:μ≥0.6H1:μ<0.6H1:μ<0.6
H0:μ=0.6H0:μ=0.6H1:μ≠0.6H1:μ≠0.6
H0:p=0.6H0:p=0.6H1:p≠0.6H1:p≠0.6
The test is:
left-tailed
right-tailed
two-tailed
The test statistic is: (to 2 decimals)The p-value is: (to 4 decimals)Based on this we:
Fail to reject the null hypothesis
Reject the null hypothesis
If the value of Cronbach’s alpha is 0.07, it means ___________;
a.
Research instrument is not reliable
b.
Research instrument is internally consistent
c.
Data is reliable
d.
Data is internally consistent
Chapter 10 Solutions
Fundamentals of Biostatistics
Ch. 10.2 - What is a contingency table?Ch. 10 - Consider the Physicians Health Study data...Ch. 10 - Consider the Physicians Health Study data...Ch. 10 - Answer Problem 10.1 if a one-sided test with power...Ch. 10 - Consider the Physicians Health Study data...Ch. 10 - Answer Problem 10.4 if compliance is as given in...Ch. 10 - Consider the Physicians Health Study data...Ch. 10 - Consider the Physicians Health Study data...Ch. 10 - Gastroenterology Two drugs (A, B) are compared for...Ch. 10 - Gastroenterology Two drugs (A, B) are compared for...
Ch. 10 - Gastroenterology Two drugs (A, B) are compared for...Ch. 10 - Sexually Transmitted Disease Suppose researchers...Ch. 10 - Cancer A 1980 study investigated the relationship...Ch. 10 - Ophthalmology Retinitis pigmentosa is a disease...Ch. 10 - Pulmonary Disease One important aspect of medical...Ch. 10 - Prob. 24PCh. 10 - Hepatic Disease Refer to Data Set HORMONE.DAT, at...Ch. 10 - Health Services Administration In the Harvard...Ch. 10 - Health Services Administration In the Harvard...Ch. 10 - Orthopedics A study was performed among subjects...Ch. 10 - Prob. 54PCh. 10 - Prob. 55PCh. 10 - Prob. 56PCh. 10 - Prob. 57PCh. 10 - Prob. 58PCh. 10 - Cancer A topic of current interest is whether...Ch. 10 - Cancer A topic of current interest is whether...Ch. 10 - Ophthalmology A 5-year study among 601...Ch. 10 - Prob. 74PCh. 10 - Prob. 77PCh. 10 - Prob. 87P
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- QUESTION 12 Historically, the proportion of people who trade in their old car to a car dealer when purchasing a new car is 48%. Over the previous 6 months, in a sample of 115 new-car buyers, 46 have traded in their old car. To determine (at the 10% level of significance) whether the proportion of new-car buyers that trade in their old car has statistically significantly decreased, what can you conclude concerning the null hypothesis?arrow_forwardQuestion 2 A researcher was interested in studying if there is a significant relationship between the severity of COVID 19 and blood types of individuals. 2400 individuals were studied and the results are shown below. Condition Blood Type O A B AB Total Critical 64 44 20 8 136 Severe 175 129 50 15 369 Moderate 211 528 151 125 1015 Mild 200 400 140 140 880 Total 650 1101 361 288 240 a .State both the null and alternative hypotheses. b. Provide the decision rule for making this decision. Use an alpha level of 5%. c. Show all of the work necessary to calculate the appropriate statistic.d. What conclusion are you allowed to draw? e. Would your conclusion change at the 10% level of significance?arrow_forwardQuestion 1) Consider the following context: The nutrition and food science division of Farnsworth Pharmaceuticals is alpha testing an OTC diagnostic kit so that adults who self-report a certain food allergy can affirm their insensitivity to that food allergen. Preliminary clinical trials yielded that 25% of the volunteers who suspected they had food allergies were clinically identified as sensitive or intolerant to the food allergen; unfortunately and disappointingly, only 10% of those who tested positive in the clinic also tested positive with the kit. Furthermore, of those self-reporting adult volunteers who had a negative clinic outcome, 5% tested positive anyway with the kit. How many complete branches, from start to finish, would a tree diagram that models this context include? H Question 2) The nutrition and food science division of Farnsworth Pharmaceuticals is alpha testing an OTC diagnostic kit so that adults who self-report a certain food allergy can affirm their…arrow_forward
- A sample of men and women who had passed their driver's test either the first time or the second time were surveyed, with the following results: Results of the driving testGender First time Second timeMen 126 211Women 135 178a) Do these data suggest that there is a relationship between gender and the passing of their driver’s test from which the present sample was drawn? Let alpha=.05arrow_forwardAirline passengers were asked two questions: #1, In the past year, when traveling for business, what type of ticket did you purchase most often?", and #2, "Was the flight domestic or international?" THe following table presents the results: "Type of Ticket?" "Domestic" "International" "First Class" 29 22 "Business Class" 95 121 "Economy Class" 518 135 If a Test of Independence will be performed on this dataset, with alpha = 0.10, state the value of the Critical Number that you'd use to set up the Rejection Region for this test. The value of the Critical Number to be used in this Test of Independence is:arrow_forwardQuestion 16: Test the claim that the proportion of people who own cats is larger than 50% at the 0.005 significance level.The null and alternative hypothesis would be: H0:μ=0.5H0:μ=0.5H1:μ≠0.5H1:μ≠0.5 H0:p≤0.5H0:p≤0.5H1:p>0.5H1:p>0.5 H0:μ≤0.5H0:μ≤0.5H1:μ>0.5H1:μ>0.5 H0:p=0.5H0:p=0.5H1:p≠0.5H1:p≠0.5 H0:μ≥0.5H0:μ≥0.5H1:μ<0.5H1:μ<0.5 H0:p≥0.5H0:p≥0.5H1:p<0.5H1:p<0.5 The test is: left-tailed right-tailed two-tailed Based on a sample of 200 people, 56% owned catsThe test statistic is: (to 2 decimals)The p-value is: (to 2 decimals)Based on this we: Fail to reject the null hypothesis Reject the null hypothesisarrow_forward
- The following data are from a random sample of 10 students who participated in a study undertaken to investigate the effect of sleep time (measured in average number of hours of sleep per night) on GPA (grade point average, measured on a 4-point scale). Student Sleep time GPA 1 7 3.28 2 9 3.16 3 8 3.75 4 6 2.50 5 4 2.45 6 8 2.91 7 7 3.53 8 6 3.02 9 3 2.30 10 8 3.48 a. Find the equation between GPA (y) as function of sleep time (x). b. What is the estimated GPA of a student who averages 5 hours of sleep per night? c. What is the coefficient of determination? *(no use EXCEL)arrow_forwardQUESTION 12 Historically, the proportion of people who trade in their old car to a car dealer when purchasing a new car is 48%. Over the previous 6 months, in a sample of 115 new-car buyers, 46 have traded in their old car. To determine (at the 10% level of significance) whether the proportion of new-car buyers that trade in their old car has statistically significantly decreased, what can you conclude concerning the null hypothesis? Reject the null hypothesis Fail to reject the null hypothesisarrow_forwardA U.S. Food Survey showed that Americans routinely eat beef in their diet. Suppose that in a study of 49 consumers in Illinois and 64 consumers in Texas the following results were obtained from two samples regarding average yearly beef consumption: Illinois Texas = 49 = 64 = 54.1lb = 60.4lb S1 = 7.0 S2 = 8.0 Formulate a hypothesis so that, if the null hypothesis is rejected, we can conclude that the average amount of beef eaten annually by consumers in Illinois is significantly less than that eaten by consumers in Texas.arrow_forward
- Based on information from a previous study, r1 = 38 people out of a random sample of n1 = 104 adult Americans who did not attend college believe in extraterrestrials. However, out of a random sample of n2 = 104 adult Americans who did attend college, r2 = 48 claim that they believe in extraterrestrials. Does this indicate that the proportion of people who attended college and who believe in extraterrestrials is higher than the proportion who did not attend college? Use ? = 0.01. (a) What is the level of significance?State the null and alternate hypotheses. H0: p1 = p2; H1: p1 > p2H0: p1 = p2; H1: p1 < p2 H0: p1 = p2; H1: p1 ≠ p2H0: p1 < p2; H1: p1 = p2 (b) What sampling distribution will you use? What assumptions are you making? The Student's t. The number of trials is sufficiently large.The standard normal. The number of trials is sufficiently large. The Student's t. We assume the population distributions are approximately normal.The standard normal. We assume the…arrow_forwardandres asked if there is a relationship between the quality of sneakers worn by a sample of 20 volleyball players and their average number of point scored per game. he computed r= +.21 and immediately claimed he had evidence that better-quality sneakers are related to better performance (a) is his claim correct? why? (b) what are Ho and Ha? (c) with alpha=.05, what is rcrit ?arrow_forwardBased on information from a previous study, r1 = 38 people out of a random sample of n1 = 106 adult Americans who did not attend college believe in extraterrestrials. However, out of a random sample of n2 = 106 adult Americans who did attend college, r2 = 52 claim that they believe in extraterrestrials. Does this indicate that the proportion of people who attended college and who believe in extraterrestrials is higher than the proportion who did not attend college? Use α = 0.01. (a) What is the level of significance? What is the value of the sample test statistic? (Test the difference p1 − p2. Do not use rounded values. Round your final answer to two decimal places.)(c) Find (or estimate) the P-value. (Round your answer to four decimal places.)arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
MATLAB: An Introduction with ApplicationsStatisticsISBN:9781119256830Author:Amos GilatPublisher:John Wiley & Sons Inc
Probability and Statistics for Engineering and th...StatisticsISBN:9781305251809Author:Jay L. DevorePublisher:Cengage Learning
Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap C...StatisticsISBN:9781305504912Author:Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. WallnauPublisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th E...StatisticsISBN:9780134683416Author:Ron Larson, Betsy FarberPublisher:PEARSON
The Basic Practice of StatisticsStatisticsISBN:9781319042578Author:David S. Moore, William I. Notz, Michael A. FlignerPublisher:W. H. Freeman
Introduction to the Practice of StatisticsStatisticsISBN:9781319013387Author:David S. Moore, George P. McCabe, Bruce A. CraigPublisher:W. H. Freeman
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
Statistics
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:John Wiley & Sons Inc
Probability and Statistics for Engineering and th...
Statistics
ISBN:9781305251809
Author:Jay L. Devore
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap C...
Statistics
ISBN:9781305504912
Author:Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th E...
Statistics
ISBN:9780134683416
Author:Ron Larson, Betsy Farber
Publisher:PEARSON
The Basic Practice of Statistics
Statistics
ISBN:9781319042578
Author:David S. Moore, William I. Notz, Michael A. Fligner
Publisher:W. H. Freeman
Introduction to the Practice of Statistics
Statistics
ISBN:9781319013387
Author:David S. Moore, George P. McCabe, Bruce A. Craig
Publisher:W. H. Freeman
What Are Research Ethics?; Author: HighSchoolScience101;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nX4c3V23DZI;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
What is Ethics in Research - ethics in research (research ethics); Author: Chee-Onn Leong;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W8Vk0sXtMGU;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY