BIOLOGY 12TH ED (LL) W/ CONNECT
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781264898091
Author: Raven
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 10, Problem 3S
Compare and contrast how mutations in cellular proto-oncogenes and in tumor-suppressor genes can lead to cancer cells.
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Distinguish between proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. To become cancer promoting, do proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes undergo gain-of-function or loss-of-function mutations? Classify the following genes as proto-oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes: p53, ras, BCL-2, JUN, MDM2, and p16.
Compare and contrast oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Contrast oncogenes and proto-oncogenes. Describe the types of mutations that convert proto-oncogenes into oncogenes. Summarize some functions of common oncogenes in cell survival and uncontrolled growth. Contrast tumor suppressors to oncogenes. Describe the types of mutations in tumor suppressors that are found in common cancers. Summarize the functions of common tumor suppressors in cell survival and cell growth.
Define tumor-suppressor genes. Why is a mutation in a single copy of a tumor-suppressor gene expected to behave as a recessive gene?
Chapter 10 Solutions
BIOLOGY 12TH ED (LL) W/ CONNECT
Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 10.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 10.2 - Distinguish between homologues and sister...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 10.3 - Describe the eukaryotic cell cycle.Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 10.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 10.5 - Describe the phases of mitosis.Ch. 10.5 - Explain the importance of metaphase.Ch. 10.5 - Compare cytokinesis in plants and animals.
Ch. 10.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 10.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 10.7 - Prob. 1LOCh. 10.7 - Prob. 2LOCh. 10 - Binary fission in prokaryotes does not require the...Ch. 10 - Chromatin is composed of a. RNA and protein. b....Ch. 10 - What is a nucleosome? a. A region in the cells...Ch. 10 - What is the role of cohesin proteins in cell...Ch. 10 - The kinetochore is a structure that functions to...Ch. 10 - Separation of the sister chromatids occurs during...Ch. 10 - Why is cytokinesis an important part of cell...Ch. 10 - What steps in the cell cycle represent...Ch. 10 - Cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are regulated by...Ch. 10 - Prob. 2ACh. 10 - Genetically, proto-oncogenes act in a dominant...Ch. 10 - The metaphase to anaphase transition involves a....Ch. 10 - The main difference between bacterial cell...Ch. 10 - In animal cells, cytokinesis is accomplished by a...Ch. 10 - Regulation of the cell cycle is very complex and...Ch. 10 - Review you knowledge of signaling pathways...Ch. 10 - Compare and contrast how mutations in cellular...
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- What is the difference between a proto-oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene?arrow_forwardAnother model, the random model, proposes that any cell in a malignant tumor has the potential to form a new tumor. Does the cancer stem cell hypothesis contradict this idea?arrow_forwardDefine tumor-suppressor genes. Why is a mutated single copy of a tumor-suppressor gene expected to behave as a recessive gene?arrow_forward
- What is the difference between an oncogene and a tumor-suppressor gene? Give some examples of the functions of proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes in normal cells.arrow_forwardExplain Mutations in tumor-suppressor genes are recessive at the cellular level but dominant at the organismal level.arrow_forwardHow can the role of epigenetics in cancer be reconciled with the idea that cancer is caused by the accumulation of genetic mutations in tumor-suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes?arrow_forward
- Explain the difference between proto-oncogene and tumor suppressor mutations in terms of its potential to cause cancer.arrow_forwardDefine oncogene, proto-oncogene, and tumor-suppressor gene.arrow_forward"In the cellular regulatory pathways that control cell growth and proliferation, the products of oncogenes are stimulatory components and the products of tumor suppressor genes are inhibitory components" is true or false.arrow_forward
- Describe, using specific examples, the differences in how a growth factor gene and a tumor suppressor gene can become oncogenes.arrow_forwardThe C-myc gene is a proto-oncogene which is highly expressed in breast tissue and appears to cause proliferation of breast tissue and its elevated expression is associated with breast cancer. Based just on the ChIP data from the previous questions (also shown below), which of the three drugs (estrogen, tamoxifen and raloxifene) would you recommend for treating breast cancer? Justify your response and explain the potential side effects of each drug.arrow_forwardCancer is caused by many different types of gene mutations. Some mutations are in proto-oncogenes, which lead to overexpression of the genes, and other mutations are in tumor suppressor genes, which lead to under expression or no expression in these genes. Which kinds of gene mutations would RNA interference (RNAi) be better at treating? Explain.arrow_forward
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