Introduction To Statistics And Data Analysis
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337793612
Author: PECK, Roxy.
Publisher: Cengage Learning,
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 10.6, Problem 72E
In 2006, Boston Scientific sought approval for a new heart stent (a medical device used to open clogged arteries) called the Liberte. This stent was being proposed as an alternative to a stent called the Express that was already on the market. The following excerpt is from an article that appeared in The Wall Street Journal (August 14, 2008):
Boston Scientific wasn’t required to prove that the Liberte was ‘superior’ than a previous treatment, the agency decided—only that it wasn’t ‘inferior’ to Express. Boston Scientific proposed—and the FDA okayed—a benchmark in which Liberte could be up to three percentage points worse than Express—meaning that if 6% of Express patients’ arteries reclog, Boston Scientific would have to prove that Liberte’s rate of reclogging was less than 9%. Anything more would be considered 'inferior.’… In the end, after nine months, tire Atlas study found that 85 of the patients suffered reclogging. In comparison, historical data on 991 patients implanted with the Express stent show a 7% rate. Boston Scientific then had to answer this question: Could the study have gotten such results if the Liberte were truly inferior to Express?”
Assume a 7% reelogging rate for the Express stent. Explain why it would be appropriate for Boston Scientific to carry out a hypothesis test using the following hypotheses:
H0: p = 0.10
Ha: p < 0.10
where p is the proportion of patients receiving Liberte stents that suffer reclogging. Be sure to address both the choice of the hypothesized value and the form of the alternative hypothesis in your explanation.
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
A pharmaceutical company claims that after the clinical trials, it will release the first-ever cure for COVID-19. If they have committed an error of judgement, which type of error would they rather have, Type I or Type II? Why?
To determine the effectiveness of an oil additive, a testing firm purchased two cars of the same make, year, and model, and drove each a distance of 30,000 miles using the same kind of gasoline, the same kind of oil, the same driver, under the same road conditions. The oil in one engine included the additive, whereas the oil in the other engine did not. At the end of the test, the engines of both cars were dismantled, and it was found that the engine that contained the additive had less wear. The testing firm concluded that the oil additive caused the reduced wear.
A medical device company has developed a new needle that they claim reduces the incidence of injection-site reactions for a particular medication. An experiment is to be conducted to determine if there is sufficient evidence to make that claim.
Which of the following is a correct description and consequence of a Type II error?
A. A Type II error would occur if the medical device company incorrectly administers the medication with the new needle, causing it to be impossible to determine whether the number of injection-site reactions have increased or decreased with the new needle.
B. A Type II error would occur if, in reality, the new needle does not reduce the incidence of injection-site reactions, but the significance test detects such a difference. The consequence of such an error would be that the medical device company would produce this new needle, but it would not be beneficial.
C. A Type II error would occur if, in reality, the new needle reduces the incidence of…
Chapter 10 Solutions
Introduction To Statistics And Data Analysis
Ch. 10.1 - Explain why the statement x=50 is not a legitimate...Ch. 10.1 - For the following pairs, indicate which do not...Ch. 10.1 - To determine whether the pipe welds in a nuclear...Ch. 10.1 - According to an article in Science Daily (Still No...Ch. 10.1 - A press release about a paper that appeared in The...Ch. 10.1 - CareerBuilder.com conducted a survey to learn...Ch. 10.1 - A national survey of 1012 adult Americans...Ch. 10.1 - A researcher speculates that because of...Ch. 10.1 - A county commissioner must vote on a resolution...Ch. 10.1 - A cruise ship charges passengers 3 for a can of...
Ch. 10.1 - The article Facebook Use and Academic Performance...Ch. 10.2 - Researchers at Bostons Childrens Hospital and...Ch. 10.2 - The paper Breast MRI as an Adjunct to Mammography...Ch. 10.2 - Medical personnel are required to report suspected...Ch. 10.2 - How accurate are DNA paternity tests? By comparing...Ch. 10.2 - A television manufacturer claims that (at least)...Ch. 10.2 - A manufacturer of hand-held calculators receives...Ch. 10.2 - Water specimens are taken from water used for...Ch. 10.2 - Suppose that for a particular hypothesis test, the...Ch. 10.2 - Suppose that you arc an inspector for the Fish and...Ch. 10.2 - The paper Living Near Nuclear Power Plants and...Ch. 10.2 - An automobile manufacturer is considering using...Ch. 10.3 - Use the definition of the P-value to explain the...Ch. 10.3 - For which of the following P-values will the null...Ch. 10.3 - Pairs of P-values and significance levels, , are...Ch. 10.3 - Pairs of P-values and significance levels are...Ch. 10.3 - Let p denote the proportion of students at a...Ch. 10.3 - Assuming a random sample from a large population,...Ch. 10.3 - In a survey conducted by CareerBuilder.com,...Ch. 10.3 - In a survey of 1000 women age 22 to 35 who work...Ch. 10.3 - The paper Debt Literacy, Financial Experiences and...Ch. 10.3 - Most Like it Hot is the title of a press release...Ch. 10.3 - In a survey of 1005 adult Americans, 46% indicated...Ch. 10.3 - The article Euthanasia Still Acceptable to Solid...Ch. 10.3 - The report Digital Democracy Survey (Deloitte...Ch. 10.3 - The article How to Block Nuisance Calls (The...Ch. 10.3 - The article Facebook Use and Academic Performance...Ch. 10.3 - The article Public Acceptability in the UK and the...Ch. 10.3 - The article Cops Get Screened for Digital Dirt...Ch. 10.3 - Refer back to the previous exercise. The actual...Ch. 10.3 - The report 2007 Electronic Monitoring ...Ch. 10.3 - The United States Elections Project...Ch. 10.4 - Give as much information as you can about the...Ch. 10.4 - Give as much information as you can about the...Ch. 10.4 - Give as much information as you can about the...Ch. 10.4 - Paint used to paint lines on roads must reflect...Ch. 10.4 - A certain pen has been designed so that actual...Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 48ECh. 10.4 - The paper Playing Active Video Games Increases...Ch. 10.4 - A study of fast-food intake is described in the...Ch. 10.4 - Refer to the study and hypothesis test of the...Ch. 10.4 - The report 2016 Salary Survey Executive Summary...Ch. 10.4 - The Economist collects data each year on the price...Ch. 10.4 - The report Majoring in Money: How American College...Ch. 10.4 - The authors of the paper Changes in Quantity,...Ch. 10.4 - Medical research has shown that repeated wrist...Ch. 10.4 - A comprehensive study conducted by the National...Ch. 10.4 - In a study of media use, each person in a large...Ch. 10.4 - Refer to the study description and sample...Ch. 10.4 - The paper titled Music for Pain Relief (The...Ch. 10.4 - Many consumers pay careful attention to stated...Ch. 10.4 - Much concern has been expressed regarding the...Ch. 10.5 - The power of a test is influenced by the sample...Ch. 10.5 - Water specimens are taken from water used for...Ch. 10.5 - Prob. 65ECh. 10.5 - Let denote the mean lifetime (in hours) for a...Ch. 10.5 - The city council in a large city has become...Ch. 10.5 - The amount of shaft wear after a fixed mileage was...Ch. 10.5 - Optical fibers are used in telecommunications to...Ch. 10.5 - Let denote the mean diameter for bearings of a...Ch. 10.5 - Use the information given in the previous exercise...Ch. 10.6 - In 2006, Boston Scientific sought approval for a...Ch. 10.6 - The article Boy or Girl: Which Gender Baby Would...Ch. 10.7 - We are only beginning to learn about the long-term...Ch. 10.7 - A study of hospitalized patients who develop...Ch. 10.7 - Prob. 76ECh. 10.7 - Prob. 77ECh. 10.7 - Prob. 78ECh. 10.7 - Prob. 79ECh. 10.8 - Prob. 80ECh. 10.8 - Prob. 81ECh. 10.8 - Prob. 83ECh. 10.8 - Prob. 84ECh. 10 - The report A Crisis in Civic Education (American...Ch. 10 - In a national survey of 2013 adults, 1590...Ch. 10 - Students at the Akademia Podlaka conducted an...Ch. 10 - Prob. 89CRCh. 10 - People in a random sample of 236 students enrolled...Ch. 10 - According to a large national survey conducted by...Ch. 10 - In a representative sample of adult Americans age...Ch. 10 - The article Facebook Use and Academic Performance...Ch. 10 - A number of initiatives on the topic of legalized...Ch. 10 - Duck hunting in populated areas faces opposition...Ch. 10 - Past experience has indicated that the response...Ch. 10 - An automobile manufacturer who wishes to advertise...Ch. 10 - A student organization uses the proceeds from a...Ch. 10 - A hot tub manufacturer advertises that with its...Ch. 10 - Prob. 1CRECh. 10 - Prob. 2CRECh. 10 - Prob. 3CRECh. 10 - Prob. 4CRECh. 10 - Prob. 5CRECh. 10 - The article Should Canada Allow Direct-to-Consumer...Ch. 10 - Prob. 7CRECh. 10 - It probably wouldnt surprise you to know that...Ch. 10 - The article Doctors Cite Burnout in Mistakes (San...Ch. 10 - The National Geographic Society conducted a study...Ch. 10 - Heinz Plays Catch-up After Under-Filling Ketchup...Ch. 10 - In a survey conducted by Yahoo Small Business,...Ch. 10 - In an AP-AOL sports poll (Associated Press,...Ch. 10 - The article titled 13% of Americans Dont Use the...Ch. 10 - A survey of teenagers and parents in Canada...Ch. 10 - The same survey referenced in the previous...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Bruce had a disagreement with a new federal agency set up to give additional funds for college to individuals with an aptitude for math. After a hearing, the agency determined that Bruce had no aptitude for math and that he would not receive any funding. Bruce, however, was not discouraged. He told his friend Laura, who just graduated from law school, that he would simply appeal the decision to federal court, have the judge do a fresh review, and provide additional information to the judge regarding his math aptitude that the agency did not have. He feels certain that he will win at the federal court level. Assuming the decision by the administrative agency was a factual finding, what should Laura tell Bruce regarding the standard of review the administrative agency will likely apply?That the agency will likely apply a de novo, or new, review.That the agency will likely apply an arbitrary and capricious standard in any review.That the agency will likely apply a substantial evidence…arrow_forwardThere is some evidence that, in the years 1981— 85, a simple name change resulted in a short-term increase in the price of certain business firms' stocks (relative to the prices of similar stocks). (See D. Horsky and P. Swyngedouw, "Does it pay to change your company's name? A stock market perspective," Marketing Science v.6 pp. 320— 35, 1987.) Suppose that, to test the profitability of name changes in the more recent market (the past five years), we analyze the stock prices of a large sample of corporations shortly after they changed names, and we find that the mean relative increase in stock price was about 0.76%, with a standard deviation of 0.12%. Suppose that this mean and standard deviation apply to the population of all companies that changed names during the past five years. Complete the following statements about the distribution of relative increases in stock price for all companies that changed names during the past five years. (a)According to Chebyshev's theorem,…arrow_forwardAn automobile manufacturer claims that the average gas mileage of a new model is 35 miles per gallon (mpg). A consumer group is skeptical of this claim and thinks the manufacturer may be overstating the average gas mileage. If µ represents the true average gas mileage for this new model, which of the following gives the null and alternative hypotheses that the consumer group should test?arrow_forward
- There is some evidence that, in the years−198185, a simple name change resulted in a short-term increase in the price of certain business firms' stocks (relative to the prices of similar stocks). (See D. Horsky and P. Swyngedouw, "Does it pay to change your company's name? A stock market perspective," Marketing Science v. 6, pp.−32035,1987.) Suppose that, to test the profitability of name changes in the more recent market (the past five years), we analyze the stock prices of a large sample of corporations shortly after they changed names, and we find that the mean relative increase in stock price was about 0.86 %, with a standard deviation of 0.10%. Suppose that this mean and standard deviation apply to the population of all companies that changed names during the past five years. Complete the following statements about the distribution of relative increases in stock price for all companies that changed names during the past five years. According to Chebyshev's theorem, at least 84%…arrow_forwardThere is some evidence that, in the years −198185 , a simple name change resulted in a short-term increase in the price of certain business firms' stocks (relative to the prices of similar stocks). (See D. Horsky and P. Swyngedouw, "Does it pay to change your company's name? A stock market perspective," Marketing Science v. 6 , pp. −32035,1987 .) Suppose that, to test the profitability of name changes in the more recent market (the past five years), we analyze the stock prices of a large sample of corporations shortly after they changed names, and we find that the mean relative increase in stock price was about 0.89 %, with a standard deviation of 0.16 %. Suppose that this mean and standard deviation apply to the population of all companies that changed names during the past five years. Complete the following statements about the distribution of relative increases in stock price for all companies that changed names during the past five years. (a)…arrow_forwardA manufacturer of exercise equipment knows that 15% of their products aredefective. They also know that only 35% of their customers will actually use the equipment in the first year after it is purchased. If there is a one-year warranty on the equipment, what proportion of the customers will actually make a valid warranty claim?arrow_forward
- It is common lore in the Adirondack mountain region of New York that Avon’s Skin So Soft hand lotion is a very effective repellant for black flies, Simulium venustum. To test this claim volunteers applied fixed amounts of a commercial repellant, N,N- diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) 20% (Treatment I), or Skin So Soft hand lotion (Treatment II) to their hand and arm, placing it in a chamber with 50 hungry black flies. The time until first bite in minutes is recorded below. Treatment I 5, 14, 6, 8, 8, 15, 13, 2 TreatmentII 3, 7, 10, 49, 2, 38, 6, 9 Are the repellants significantly different in their efficacy? Analyze using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.arrow_forwardA disgruntled employee of a prominent delivery company in Baltimore County is accused of adding water into the fuel tanks of a large fleet of delivery vehicles. The manager asked the guard who observed the act to walk the parking lot with him to identify a sample of vehicles closer to the guards' booth. Upon returning to his office, the manager figured that since all the vehicles were of the same color, same engine size, and were on an inventory purchased and delivered just about the same year when all the previously existing vehicles were sold away, the decision to include the entire fleet for testing prior to filing the police report. The vehicles inventory could be described as . . .arrow_forwardA medical device company has developed a new needle that they claim reduces the incidence of injection-site reactions for a particular medication. An experiment is to be conducted to determine if there is sufficient evidence to make that claim. Which of the following is a correct description and consequence of a Type I error? A. A Type I error would occur if the medical device company incorrectly administers the medication with the new needle, causing it to be impossible to determine whether the number of injection-site reactions have increased or decreased with the new needle. B. A Type I error would occur if, in reality, the new needle does not reduce the incidence of injection-site reactions, but the significance test detects such a difference. The consequence of such an error would be that the medical device company would produce this new needle, but it would not be beneficial. C. A Type I error would occur if, in reality, the new needle reduces the incidence of injection-site…arrow_forward
- The doctors community wants to ensure that each and every individual is aware of the importance if taking corona vaccines ,so they want to see If educating the locals. Who will get the crona vaccine will increase theneorcentage of the adults who will get vaccines as soon as they are eligible to . Identify the who and what ( response varaible)arrow_forwardThe vintage Restaurant is located on Captiva Island, a resort community located near Fort Meyers, Florida. The restaurant, which is owned and operated by Karen Payne, has just completed its third year of operation. During this time, Karen sought to establish a reputation for the restaurant as a high-quality dining establishment that specializes in fresh seafood. The efforts made by Karen and her staff have proved successful, and her restaurant has become one of the best and fastest-growing restaurants on the island. Karen has just concluded that to plan better for the growth of the restaurant in the future, it is necessary to develop a system that will enable her to forecast food and beverage sales by the month for up to 1 year in advance. Karen has the following data available on the total food and beverage sales that were realized during the previous 3 years of operation. Food and Beverage Sales for the Vintage Restaurant ($1000s) Month First Year Second Year Third YearJanuary 242…arrow_forwardIn a Japanese study, “researchers looked at 35 peoplewith lower back pain who were enrolled in an aquatic exercise program, which included swimming and walk-ing in a pool. Almost all of the patients showed improve-ments after six months, but the researchers found that those who participated at least twice weekly showedmore significant improvement that those who wentonly once per week.”Which of the following statements is true?a) This experiment proves that swimming causes areduction in lower back pain.b) This study is a poorly designed experiment sincethere is no control group and no randomization.c) Conclusions based on this observational study aresuspect since participation in the aquatic programmay be confounded with other lifestyle behaviors thatmay cause the improvement in lower back health.d) Conclusions based on this observational study aresuspect since a sample size of 35 is too small.e) This study is not an observational study since theaquatic program is a treatment.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
MATLAB: An Introduction with ApplicationsStatisticsISBN:9781119256830Author:Amos GilatPublisher:John Wiley & Sons Inc
Probability and Statistics for Engineering and th...StatisticsISBN:9781305251809Author:Jay L. DevorePublisher:Cengage Learning
Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap C...StatisticsISBN:9781305504912Author:Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. WallnauPublisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th E...StatisticsISBN:9780134683416Author:Ron Larson, Betsy FarberPublisher:PEARSON
The Basic Practice of StatisticsStatisticsISBN:9781319042578Author:David S. Moore, William I. Notz, Michael A. FlignerPublisher:W. H. Freeman
Introduction to the Practice of StatisticsStatisticsISBN:9781319013387Author:David S. Moore, George P. McCabe, Bruce A. CraigPublisher:W. H. Freeman
MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications
Statistics
ISBN:9781119256830
Author:Amos Gilat
Publisher:John Wiley & Sons Inc
Probability and Statistics for Engineering and th...
Statistics
ISBN:9781305251809
Author:Jay L. Devore
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap C...
Statistics
ISBN:9781305504912
Author:Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th E...
Statistics
ISBN:9780134683416
Author:Ron Larson, Betsy Farber
Publisher:PEARSON
The Basic Practice of Statistics
Statistics
ISBN:9781319042578
Author:David S. Moore, William I. Notz, Michael A. Fligner
Publisher:W. H. Freeman
Introduction to the Practice of Statistics
Statistics
ISBN:9781319013387
Author:David S. Moore, George P. McCabe, Bruce A. Craig
Publisher:W. H. Freeman
Correlation Vs Regression: Difference Between them with definition & Comparison Chart; Author: Key Differences;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ou2QGSJVd0U;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Correlation and Regression: Concepts with Illustrative examples; Author: LEARN & APPLY : Lean and Six Sigma;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xTpHD5WLuoA;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY