Concept explainers
To explain: Two cancer forms which are the deadliest.
Concept introduction: The cancer cells are the abnormal proliferation of cells, which is a result of an error in the normal cell cycle process. Cancer is treated with radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, targeted drug delivery, and immunotherapy. All the cancer therapies aim to kill the bulk of cancer cells and treat the underlying cause of the cancer cells.
To explain: The least deadly cancer
Concept introduction: The cancer cells are the abnormal proliferation of cells, which is a result of an error in the normal cell cycle process. Cancer is treated with radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, targeted drug delivery, and immunotherapy. All the cancer therapies aim to kill the bulk of cancer cells and treat the underlying cause of the cancer cells.
To explain: The overall ratio for all types of cancer.
Concept introduction: The cancer cells are the abnormal proliferation of cells, which is a result of an error in the normal cell cycle process. Cancer is treated with radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, targeted drug delivery, and immunotherapy. All the cancer therapies aim to kill the bulk of cancer cells and treat the underlying cause of the cancer cells.
To explain: Cancer survivability in general.
Concept introduction: The cancer cells are the abnormal proliferation of cells, which is a result of an error in the normal cell cycle process. Cancer is treated with radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, targeted drug delivery, and immunotherapy. All the cancer therapies aim to kill the bulk of cancer cells and treat the underlying cause of the cancer cells.
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Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology (5th Edition)
- Explain what it means when the developmental steps for cancer are “not obligatory” and give one examplearrow_forwardname any two methods that can possibly cure cancer .arrow_forwardDiscuss the interplay between genetics and environment in the development of cancer (it would be helpful to focus on one tumor suppressor/disease to narrow the scope of the discussion). Which factor (genetics or environment) is playing a larger role within your chosen context? Justify your argument.arrow_forward
- Which of the following factors contributes to angiogenesis as a result of a tumor growth? Select all that apply: a. Increasing tumor's access to oxygen and nutrients b. Increasing tumor's ability for growth, invasion, and metastasis c. Increasing expression of proto-oncogenes for cancer cells d. Increasing expression of tumor-suppressor genes for cancer cellsarrow_forwardExplain why some researchers believe science should focus its attention on the inflammation associated with cancer progression instead of looking for a cure.arrow_forwardDiscuss why certain cell types are less likely and others are more likely to develop cancer than others.arrow_forward
- Cancer can arise spontaneously, but it can also be induced as a result of environmental factors such as sun exposure, infections, and tobacco smoking. If you were asked to help allocate resources to cancer research, what emphasis would you place on research to find cancer cures, compared to that placed on education about cancer prevention?arrow_forwardWhat is/are the role/s of molecular techniques in understanding cancer? Cite some references from the web.arrow_forwardUnlike many other diseases, the vast majority of cancers in humans are not transmissible - meaning a person can’t ‘catch cancer’ from someone else. How does a person get cancer, then? Starting with a normal (non-cancerous) cell, describe a possible sequence of events that could eventually result in metastasized cancer, including the genes, structures or processes involved.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements are correct about tumors and metastasis (select all that apply)? A. The majority of cancer deaths are due to primary tumor B. Loss of basement membrane by tumor mass is strong predictor of metastasis potential C. The tissue stroma contributes to whether a tumor cell will metastasize D. The majority of life threatening tumors occur in epithelial tissues E. The tendency of a primary tumor to metastasize is similar across different tissue typesarrow_forwardCancer is related to cellular errors during certain mechanisms and due to certain factors yet, the rate of cancer in cells is low. Describe how cells maintain themselves away from getting cancerous. Give molecular evidences where necessary.arrow_forwardMetastasis occurs when cells from a primary tumor invade and colonize other tissues. Metastasis is a complex, multistep process. Tumor cells must lose adhesion with other tumor cells, invade local tissues and vessels, move through the circulation, leave the vessels, and finally, establish new colonies at distant sites. Tumor cells gain the ability to cross epithelial layers and migrate through tissues by mutations, although the nature of the mutations that drive metastasis is poorly understood. Mutations that block expression of the E-cadherin gene are thought to be an important step in metastasis. The absence of E-cadherin expression could affect metastasis by blocking cell adhesion directly, by releasing signaling proteins bound to the cytoplasmic domain of E-cadherin, or by both mechanisms. To better understand how loss of E-cadherin contributes to metastasis, scientists created two cell lines that differed in their expression of E-cadherin. One cell line was blocked for expression…arrow_forward
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