Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 18RQ
You have discovered a neuron that innervates an endocrine cell in the intestine. To learn more about this neuron, you place a marker substance at the endocrine cell synapse. The marker is taken into the neuron and transported in a vesicle by retrograde axonal transport to the nerve cell body.
- a. By what process is the marker probably taken into the axon terminal?
- b. The nerve cell body is found in a ganglion very close to the endocrine cell. To which branch of the peripheral nervous system does the neuron probably belong? (Be as specific as you can.)
- c. Which neurotransmitter do you predict will be secreted by the neuron onto the endocrine cell?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
The difference between the channels along the axon and the channels in the axon
terminal is that?
a) axon channels are voltage-gated sodium channels and axon terminal channels are
voltage-gated calcium channels
b) there is no difference
c) axon channels are voltage-gated sodium channels and axon terminal channels are ligand-
gated sodium channels
Sequence the following list of events of a neuronal action potential by placing 1 next to the first event, 2 next to the second event, and so on. a. _____ The activation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels open, Na+ flood the cytoplasm, and depolarization occurs. b. _____ K+ continue to flow out of the axon until the membrane is hyperpolarized. c. _____ Local potentials cause the membrane to depolarize to threshold. d. _____ The inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels close as voltage-gated K+ channels open, K+ begin to exit the axon, and repolarization begins. e. _____ Repolarization continues and Na+ channels return to resting
Why was the postsynaptic CA1 neuron voltage clamped to +30 mV?
To stimulate insertion of AMPA receptors into the postsynaptic membrane
To move NDA receptors into the synapse from an extrasynaptic site
To cause coordination between the pre- and postsynaptic neuron
To increase conductance of the NMDAR by removing the Mg?* block
To stimulate AMPA receptors, which in turn activate NMDA Rs
Explain the results obtained when AP5 was applied while the neuron was held at +30 mV. What is the interpretation of the result?
Chapter 11 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 11.1 - The central nervous system consists of the...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.1 - A nerve that carries both sensory and motor...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 5CCCh. 11.1 - In what organelle is most intracellular Ca2+...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 7CCCh. 11.1 - Prob. 8CCCh. 11.1 - Prob. 9CCCh. 11.2 - Prob. 10CC
Ch. 11.2 - Compare gating and ion selectivity of...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 12CCCh. 11 - Prob. 1RQCh. 11 - Prob. 2RQCh. 11 - Prob. 3RQCh. 11 - Prob. 4RQCh. 11 - Neurons that secrete acetylcholine are described...Ch. 11 - List four things that can happen to autonomic...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7RQCh. 11 - Prob. 8RQCh. 11 - Somatic motor pathways a. are excitatory or...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10RQCh. 11 - Prob. 11RQCh. 11 - Compare and contrast: a. neuroeffector junctions...Ch. 11 - Prob. 13RQCh. 11 - Create a concept map comparing the somatic motor...Ch. 11 - If a target cells receptor is _______ (use items...Ch. 11 - Ganglia contain the cell bodies of (choose all...Ch. 11 - Prob. 17RQCh. 11 - You have discovered a neuron that innervates an...Ch. 11 - Prob. 19RQCh. 11 - Prob. 20RQ
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- In an experiment you place a neuron and its synaptic contacts into a medium containing no calcium ions. You stimulate the neuron causing an action potential to propagate down the axon into the axon terminal of the neuron. 3.) What is the most likely result of this experimental manipulation? A. Prolong the refractory period of the action potential B. Decrease the time required to move sodium ions out of the axon terminal C. Prevent neurotransmitter from binding to receptors on postsynaptic cells D. Enhance the voltage changes associated with the action potential E. Prevent release of neurotransmitter into the synapsearrow_forwardYou learned in this chapter that Na+/K+ active transport pumps in the plasma membrane of the axons are responsible for creating the imbalance between Na+ and K+ inside and outside of the neuron that produces the resting membrane potential. In early research studying the role of ions and the involvement of active transport of ions in neural signaling, investigators used the giant axon of a squid as a model. The diameter of a giant axon is far greater than that of a mammalian axon, which enabled researchers to isolate it easily and use it in in vitro experiments. In one early experiment, researchers investigated the active transport of Na+ out of the axon in response to the presence of cyanide. Experimentally they hooked up a section of axon to a syringe, immersed the axon in artificial seawater, introduced radioactive 22Na (as 22NaCl) into the axon, and then quantified the transport of 22Na out through the axons plasma membrane. The rate of 22Na transport out of the axon was determined by measuring the radioactivity released into the fluid sur- rounding the axon over a period of time. The Figure shows the results of the experiment. What is the effect of cyanide on Na1 transport out of the squid axon? How do the data show the effect? Source: P. C. Caldwell et al. 1960. The effects of injecting energy-rich phosphate compounds on the active transport of ions in the giant axons of Loligo. The Journal of Physiology 152:561590. Cengage Learning 2017arrow_forwardAssume presynaptic excitatory neuron A terminates on a postsynaptic cell near the axon hillock and presynaptic excitatory neuron B terminates on the same postsynaptic cell on a dendrite located on the side of the cell body opposite the axon hillock. Explain why rapid firing of presynaptic neuron A could bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold through temporal summation, thus initiating an action potential, whereas firing of presynaptic neuron B at the same frequency and the same magnitude of EPSPs may not bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold.arrow_forward
- Name a neurotransmitter stored at the terminal end of the axon.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements regarding polarized membranes is incorrect? a. There is a separation of the charge by a membrane, resulting in its ability to do work. b. An RMP of –60 mV indicates that there are more positive ions inside the axon than an RMP of –70 mV. c. A resting membrane potential (RMP) of –90 mV indicates the there are more positive ions inside the axon than an RMP of –70 mV. d. There is a difference in the charges found on the inside of the membrane to the outside.arrow_forwardAn animal is exposed to a plant toxin that breaks open synaptic vesicles in dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine terminal buttons. The action of these neurotransmitters would be due to . A. decreased; the actions of monoamine oxidase B. decreased; inhibition of the reuptake transporter C. increased; the actions of monoamine oxidase D. increased; activation of the autoreceptorarrow_forward
- Organophosphate pesticides inhibit the action of acetylcholinesterase. What effect does this have in the cell? Select one: a. It prevents synthesis of ACh in the presynaptic terminal causing less neurotransmitter release b. It prevents breakdown of ACh in the synapse causing increased activity at the postsynaptic cell c. It prevents reuptake of ACh into the presynaptic terminal causing increased activity at the postsynaptic cell d. It prevents binding of ACh on the postsynaptic cell causing less activity e. It prevents reuptake of ACh into the presynaptic terminal causing less neurotransmitter synthesis.arrow_forwardA neurotoxin was delivered to a patient that prevented sodium channels from opening at the axon level. How does this affect a neuron's ability to communicate to other neurons? Explain in terms of action potential conductance, and neurotransmitter exocytosis at the axon terminal.arrow_forwardA certain bacterium has a gene that encodes for a neurotoxin. This neurotoxin is highly specific for the synaptic end of the nerve, where it blocks the release of acetylcholine, a chemical necessary for transmission of nerve impulses across synapses. What is the chemical composition of this neurotoxin?arrow_forward
- Certain types of neurotoxins prevent depolarization of the axon. What specific type of channel is impaired?arrow_forwardJohn Hughes and Hans Kosterlitz identified the endorphin receptor in frogs, and concluded that animals have a "built in" opioid system. To make sure that endorphins are truly neurochemicals, which of the following question should we ask these gentlemen? Please select all that apply.a) Are endorphins released in response to presynaptic depolarization? b) Do endorphins interact with postsynaptic receptors? c) Are endorphins found in presynaptic cells? d) Are endorphins subject to reuptake?arrow_forwardIn the hippocampus, when glutatmate is released into the synaptic cleft, but the postsynaptic cell is NOT depolarized, there is only a small postsynaptic response. Why is this the case? A. Ca++ ions block the NMDA ion channel B. Mg++ ions block the NMDA ion channel C. Glutamate is an inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter D. There are no NMDA receptors on the postsynaptic cellarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
The Cell Membrane; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsffT7XIXbA;License: Standard youtube license