BIOLOGY
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781266739606
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 11, Problem 8WIO
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The steps scientists might have used to clone extinct species of gastric brooding frog that swallows its eggs and broods its young within its stomach and to explain the importance of determination before the experiments that the great barred frog is a close relative to the gastric brooding frog.
Concept introduction:
A somatic cell is any cell in the body other than the two types of reproductive cells that are sperm and egg. Every somatic cell has two complete sets of chromosomes, whereas germ cells only have one complete set.
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Woolly mammoths have been extinct for about 10,000 years, but we often find their well- preserved remains in Siberian permafrost.
Research groups are now planning to use SCNT to resurrect these huge elephant- like mammals.
No mammoth eggs have been recovered so far, so elephant eggs would be used instead. An elephant would also be the surrogate mother for the resulting embryo. The researchers may try a modified SCNT technique used to clone a mouse that had been dead and frozen for sixteen years. Ice crystals that form during freezing break up cell membranes, so cells from the frozen mouse were in bad shape. Their DNA was transferred into donor mouse eggs, and cells from the resulting embryos were fused with mouse stem cells. Four healthy clones were born from the hybrid embryos. What are some of the pros and cons of cloning an extinct animal?
The following diagram outlines how the process of cloning a sheep was accomplished.
Cloning is the process of creating a genetically identical copy of another individual. With Dolly, the first cloned mammal, an egg cell was removed from a donor (B) and the nucleus was removed from the egg cell. Then cells from a sheep's mammary gland were removed from a second donor (A). The nucleus of one of the cells from the mammary gland was fused with the enucleated egg cell using an electrical pulse. The fused cell underwent cell division and at the blastocyst stage was implanted into a surrogate mother sheep.
The fused cell is cultured and is implanted as a multi-celled embryo. During the step where the fused cell begins dividing normally, the cells of the future clone undergo
Select one:
a. fertilization
b. meiosis
c. mitosis
d. gene splicing
Wooly Mammoths have been extinct for about 10,000 years; however, their remains have been well persevered in Siberia. Due to global warming, these remains are now available to be recovered. Scientists want to extract the DNA and through cloning insert the DNA into an elephant to clone the mammoth. What are some of the pros and cons of cloning an extinct animal?
Chapter 11 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 1MCCh. 11.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 11.2 - What are some uses for transgenic organisms?Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 2MCCh. 11.2 - Prob. 3MCCh. 11.2 - What is the function of the 98.5% of the human...Ch. 11.2 - How does PCR work, and why is it useful?Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 6MCCh. 11.2 - Why do investigators sometimes analyze...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 1MC
Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 11.3 - Summarize the steps scientists use to clone an...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 4MCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 1MCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 2MCCh. 11.4 - Prob. 3MCCh. 11.4 - What are some examples of ethical questions raised...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 1MCCh. 11.5 - Prob. 2MCCh. 11 - If a restriction enzyme cuts between the G and the...Ch. 11 - Which of the following is not a reason that...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 11 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 11 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 11 - Preimplantation genetic diagnosis would be least...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 11 - What techniques might researchers use to create...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2WIOCh. 11 - Prob. 3WIOCh. 11 - Prob. 4WIOCh. 11 - Why are entire genomes not used for DNA profiling?Ch. 11 - In a 2013 investigation, researchers discovered...Ch. 11 - Unneeded genes in an adult animal cell are...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8WIOCh. 11 - Prob. 9WIOCh. 11 - If a cells genome is analogous to a cookbook and a...Ch. 11 - Review the Survey the Landscape figure in the...Ch. 11 - How does PCR relate to DNA profiling and...Ch. 11 - Add the terms restriction enzyme, plasmid, virus,...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Woolly mammoths have been extinct for about 4,000 years, but we often find their well-preserved remains in Siberian permafrost. Research groups are now planning to use SCNT to resurrect these huge elephant-like mammals. No mammoth eggs have been recovered yet, so elephant eggs would be used instead. An elephant would also be the surrogate mother for the resulting embryo. The researchers may try a modified SCNT technique used to clone a mouse that had been dead and frozen for 16 years. Ice crystals that form during freezing break up cell membranes, so cells from the frozen mouse were in bad shape. Their DNA was transferred into donor mouse eggs, and cells from the resulting embryos were fused with undifferentiated mouse cells. Four healthy clones were born from the hybrid embryos. What are some of the pros and cons of cloning an extinct animal?arrow_forwardYou just graduated from college and started working at a biotech startup called Scrofabulous. Your first job assignment is to clone the pig gene for the hormone prolactin. Assume that the pig gene for prolactin has not yet been isolated, sequenced, or mapped; What would be the most useful and economical first step to go about identifying and cloning the pig gene for prolactin? use the amino acid sequence of mouse prolactin to design a pair of degenerate oligonucleotide PCR primers to PCR-amplify the pig prolactin gene. RNAseq the pituitary gland of the pig, the most abundant gene is likely to to be prolactin Conduct a proteome search for peptides that match parts of mouse prolactin protein Sequence the pig genome, then translate the genome to find the gene predicted to encode for prolactin Crystalize the mouse prolactin protein and use Google's DeepMind Al to find the closest amino acid sequence in the pig proteomearrow_forwardDolly is the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell Which of the following statement/s is/are most relevant to the birth of Dolly? I. It suggests that human could be cloned. II. It proves that specialized cells could be used to create an exact copy of the animal they came from. III. It improves the production of milk, meat, and other products from livestock. IV. It proves that animals could be cloned to have gene mutations that help scientists study diseases that develop in the animals. A. II only B. I and II C. III, and IV D. II, III, and IV Which of the following statements best explain the significance of mitosis and ? A. Both mitosis and meiosis produce diploid cells which responsible for the continuity of life. B. Many single-celled organisms rely on mitosis and meiosis as their primary means of asexual reproduction C. replication, cells have another interesting choice, whether they want to make an identical copy, or do they want to make four half-copies…arrow_forward
- There are a range of ethical issues associated with cloning. However, many of these are not applied to cloning plants. Explain why the idea of cloning an entire plant is generally accepted while cloning an entire human is not.arrow_forwardDo all of them True/False 31) The process by which an electrical charge is used to introduce DNA into a cell to produce a transgenic organism is called electroporation.Answer: 32) Reproductive cloning is used to produce large amounts of mammalian proteins from transgenic agricultural animals such as cattle.Answer: 33) In gene addition, homologous recombination is used to remove the original gene and replace it with the cloned gene.Answer: 34) All stem cells have the potential to differentiateAnswer: 35) A bone marrow transplant involves the transfer of multipotent stem cellsAnswer: 36) The fact that in mammalian systems multiple genes may compensate for the loss of a gene is called gene redundancy.Answer:arrow_forwardA genetics research group has determined the sequence of a rat gene thought to be involved in controlling the fertilising ability of rat sperm. They believe a similar gene may control fertility in humans. Describe how what is known about the rat gene can be applied in PCR to clone the complementary human gene. You should explain the experimental approach taken and how it could confirm that the human gene in question does indeed correspond to the rat gene.arrow_forward
- There are two time gaps in the process of cloning. What are they? (ie. What do you have to wait for?)arrow_forwardIn the 1996 movie Multiplicity, Doug (Michael Keaton) is a construction worker who wants to spend more time with his family. He meets a friendly scientist (aren't we all?) who has a method for cloning humans. Doug decides to make a clone of himself who can do his work while he spends time with his family. The clone, named "Two", seems great at first, but later develops some functional problems. Two gets tired of working and clones himself to make "Three" to take over. Three then leads to "Four". Each successive clone seems to have an increasing number of issues in function. Ignoring ethical and technical considerations with making adult clones of a human, is there any logical or genetic validity to the premise that make a clone might create problems? If so, what might some of those problems be?arrow_forwardScientists are interested in cloning an extinct animal called the gastricbrooding frog. This strange frog swallows its eggs and broods itsyoung within its stomach. So far, scientists have successfully usedcloning to make an embryo of the frog, but they have yet to raise oneto maturity. What steps might the scientists have used to clone thisextinct species? Why was it important for scientists to determinebefore the experiments that the great barred frog is a close relative tothe gastric brooding frog?arrow_forward
- Now that cloning is possible, should it be used to clone animals that are near extinction? What are the possible ramifications of this when it comes to genetic diversity and size of the gene pool?arrow_forwardWhat would be an advantage of using HaeIII for a cloning experiment? What would be a disadvantage?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between molecular cloning and reproductive cloning?arrow_forward
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