Many people now tum to the Internet to get information on health-related topics. The paper “An Examination of Health, Medical and Nutritional Information on the Internet: A Comparative Study of Wikipedia, WebMD and the Mayo Clinic Websites” (The International Journal of Communication and Health [2015]: 30–38) used Flesch reading ease scores (a measure of reading difficulty based on factors such as sentence length and number of syllables in the words used) to score pages on Wikipedia and on WebMD. Higher Flesch scores correspond to more difficult reading levels. The paper reported that for a representative sample of health-related pages on Wikipedia, the
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INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS & DATA ANALYS
- A sample of 77 individuals working at a particular office was selected and the noise level (dBA) experienced by each individual was determined, yielding the following data (“Acceptable Noise Levels for Construction Site Offices,” Building Serv. Engr. Research and Technology, 2009: 87–94). 55.3 55.3 55.3 55.9 55.9 55.9 55.9 56.1 56.1 56.1 56.1 56.1 56.1 56.8 56.8 57 57 57 57.8 57.8 57.8 57.9 57.9 57.9 58.8 58.8 58.8 59.8 59.8 59.8 62.2 62.2 63.8 63.8 63.8 63.9 63.9 63.9 64.7 64.7 64.7 65.1 65.1 65.1 65.3 65.3 65.3 65.3 67.4 67.4 67.4 67.4 68.7 68.7 68.7 68.7 69 70.4 70.4 71.2 71.2 71.2 73 73 73.1 73.1 74.6 74.6 74.6 74.6 79.3 79.3 79.3 79.3 83 83 83 Use various techniques discussed in Descriptive Statistics lectures including visualizations to organize, summarize, and describe the data.arrow_forwardTo test the fairness of law enforcement in its area, a local citizens’ group wants to know whether women and men are unequally likely to get speeding tickets. Four hundred randomly selected adults were phoned and asked whether or not they had been cited for speeding in the last year. Using the results in the following table and a 0.100.10 level of significance, test the claim of the citizens’ group. Let men be Population 1 and let women be Population 2. Speeding Tickets Ticketed Not Ticketed Men 35 144 Women 22 199 step 1: find test statistic step 2: draw conclusion, interpret the reasoningarrow_forwardTo test the fairness of law enforcement in its area, a local citizens’ group wants to know whether women and men are unequally likely to get speeding tickets. Four hundred randomly selected adults were phoned and asked whether or not they had been cited for speeding in the last year. Using the results in the following table and a 0.02 level of significance, test the claim of the citizens’ group. Let men be Population 1 and let women be Population 2. Speeding Tickets Ticketed Not Ticketed Men 28 152 Women 20 200 Step 1 of 3: State the null and alternative hypotheses for the test. Fill in the blank below. H0: p1=p2 Ha: p1__p2 Step 2 of 3: Compute the value of the test statistic. Round your answer to two decimal places Step 3 of 3: Draw a conclusion and interpret the decision.arrow_forward
- In a study of three nationally representative large- scale data sets from Ireland, the United States, and the United Kingdom (n = 17,247), teenagers between the ages of 12 to 15 were asked to keep a diary of their screen time and answer questions about how they felt or acted. Identify the explanatory variables. Comment on wheter the results of the study can be generalized to the population and whyarrow_forwardThe article “HIV-positive Smokers Considering Quitting: Differences by Race/Ethnicity” (E. Lloyd-Richardson, C. Stanton, et al., Am J Health Behav, 2008:3–15) reported that in a group of 230 European-American HIV-positive smokers, 102 of them had used a nicotine patch to try to quit smoking, and in a group of 72 Hispanic-American HIV-positive smokers, 20 had used a nicotine patch. Can you conclude that the proportion of patch users is greater among European-Americans?arrow_forwardBased on a survey of 12,344 U.S. college students and 6,729 Canadian college students, Kuo, Adlaf, Lee, Gliksman, Demers, and Wechsler (2002) report that alcohol use is more common among Canadian than U.S. students, but heavy drinking (five or more drinks in a row for males, four or more for females) is significantly higher among U.S. students than Canadian students. Is this an example of a survey research design?arrow_forward
- In low-speed crash tests of five cars, the repair costs were computed for a factory authorizedrepair and an independent repair workshop. The results are listed in Table 2. Is there sufficientevidence to support the claim that the independent workshop has lower repair costs? Use a 0.01significance level.Table 2 car 1 2 3 4 5 authorized repair centre X1 RM797 RM571 RM904 RM1147 RM418 independent workshop X2 RM523 RM488 RM875 RM911 RM297 D=X1 - X2 274 83 29 236 121 D2 = (X1 -X2)2 75076 6889 841 55696 14641arrow_forwardDetermine whether the following statement makes sense (or is clearly true) or do not make sense ( or is clearly false) a study on the effect of gender on movie attendence was baised because the sample consisted of 800 males and 200 females choose the correct answer and explanation from thenchoices below.arrow_forwardA study was conducted to explore workplace bullying in a community NHS trust. Staff were asked about whether workplace bullying had affected their working environment (Quine L, BMJ 1999; 318: 228-229). Those who had been bullied had lower levels of job satisfaction (mean 10.5 [SD 2.7] vs 12.2 [2.3], P<0.001) and higher levels of job-induced stress (mean 22.5 [SD 6.1] v 16.9 [5.8], P<0.001) than those who had not been bullied. Based on the above info, Select which of the following statement(s) you believe to be true You CAN SELECT MORE THAN 1. a. The P value for the comparison of job-induced stress was less than 0.001. This means that we cannot reject the null hypothesis at the 5% level of significance. b. P < 0.001 means that there is a less than 1 in 1000 chance that we would have obtained these results, or more extreme results, if the alternative hypothesis was true. c. There is a significant difference in the levels of job satisfaction between…arrow_forward
- To test the fairness of law enforcement in its area, a local citizens’ group wants to know whether women and men are unequally likely to get speeding tickets. Two hundred randomly selected adults were phoned and asked whether or not they had been cited for speeding in the last year. Using the results in the following table and a 0.02 level of significance, test the claim of the citizens’ group. Let men be Population 1 and let women be Population 2. Speeding Tickets Ticketed Not Ticketed Men 19 74 Women 11 96 Step 1 of 3: State the null and alternative hypotheses for the test. Fill in the blank below. Step 2 of 3: Compute the value of the test statistic. Round your answer to two decimal places. Step 3 of 3: Draw a conclusion and interpret the decision.arrow_forwardA public health researcher is interested in testing whether more than 75% of residents in UAE rely on social media as a source of information for COVID-19 related health updates. If the resulting test statistic was 2.27, what would be the corresponding p-value?arrow_forwardTo test the fairness of law enforcement in its area, a local citizens’ group wants to know whether women and men are unequally likely to get speeding tickets. Three hundred randomly selected adults were phoned and asked whether or not they had been cited for speeding in the last year. Using the results in the following table and a 0.02 level of significance, test the claim of the citizens’ group. Let men be Population 1 and let women be Population 2. Ticketed Not Ticketed Men 14 165 Women 22 99 Step 1 of 3: State the null and alternative hypotheses for the test Step 2 of 3: Compute the value of the test statistic. Round your answer to two decimal places. Step 3 of 3: Draw a conclusion and interpret the decision.arrow_forward
- Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw Hill