Calculus: An Applied Approach (MindTap Course List)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305860919
Author: Ron Larson
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 11.4, Problem 5CP
Checkpoint 5 Worked-out solution available at LarsonAppliedCalculus.com
A tank contains 50 gallons of a solution composed of
alcohol. A second solution containing half water and half alcohol is added to the tank at the rate of 5 gallons per minute. At the same time, the tank is being drained at the rate of 5 gallons per minute. Assuming that the solution is stirred constantly, how much alcohol will be in the tank after 10 minutes?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Apple Inc. has a demand for its Iphone 8 and Iphone 8s phones in the Philippines for the 4th Quarter of 2017. They haveto allot time to manufacture 7,000 units of Iphone 8 and 3,000 units of Iphone 8s on the last week of August. The profit perunit of Iphone 8s is Php10,000 and the profit per unit of Iphone 8 is Php8,000. The hourly capacity of the machine thatproduces Iphone 8 is 125 units and the hourly capacity of the machine that produces Iphone 8s is 100 units. Apple Inc.would like to maximize their profit with the available 80 hours of machine time for 1 week for both machines.
(a) Formulate LP model and (b) solve 2 decision variables using graphical method
Juan Hernandez, a Cuban athlete who visits the Unite States and Europe frequently, is allowed to return with a limited number of consumer items not generally available in Cuba. The items, which are carried in a duffle bag, cannot exceed a weight of 5 pounds. Once Juan is in Cuba, he sells the items at highly inflated prices. The three most popular items in Cuba are denim jeans, CD players, and CDs of U.S. rock groups. The weight and profit (in U.S. dollars) of each items are as follows.
Items Weight (lb) Profit ($)1. Denim jeans 2 902. CD players 3 1503. Compact discs 2 30
Juan wants to determine the combination of items he should pack in his duffel bag that will maximize his profit. The problem is an example of a type of integer programming known as a "knapsack" problem. Formulate and solve this problem.
As a meat producer, you typically make hamburger from beef and pork. Ground beef has 80% meat and 20% fat, while ground pork has 65% meet and 35% fat. The costs are $2.75 per kg and $1.75 per kg respectively. If one want to minimize the cost , how much of each kind of meat should be used to make 1 kilogram of hamburger, if the fat content cannot exceed 25%.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Calculus: An Applied Approach (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 11.1 - Checkpoint 1 Worked-out solution available at...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 2CPCh. 11.1 - Prob. 3CPCh. 11.1 - Prob. 4CPCh. 11.1 - Prob. 1SWUCh. 11.1 - Prob. 2SWUCh. 11.1 - Prob. 3SWUCh. 11.1 - Prob. 4SWUCh. 11.1 - Prob. 5SWUCh. 11.1 - Prob. 6SWU
Ch. 11.1 - Verifying Solutions In Exercises 112, verify the...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 2ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 3ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 4ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 5ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 6ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 7ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 8ECh. 11.1 - Verifying Solutions In Exercises 1-12, verify the...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 10ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 11ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 12ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 13ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 14ECh. 11.1 - Determining Solutions In Exercises 1316, determine...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 16ECh. 11.1 - Determining Solutions In Exercises 1720, determine...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 18ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 19ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 20ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 21ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 22ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 23ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 24ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 25ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 26ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 27ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 28ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 29ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 30ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 31ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 32ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 33ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 34ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 35ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 36ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 37ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 38ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 39ECh. 11.1 - Investment The rate of growth of an investment is...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 41ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 42ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 43ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 44ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 45ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 46ECh. 11.2 - Checkpoint 1 Worked-out solution available at...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 2CPCh. 11.2 - Prob. 3CPCh. 11.2 - Prob. 4CPCh. 11.2 - Prob. 5CPCh. 11.2 - Prob. 6CPCh. 11.2 - Prob. 1SWUCh. 11.2 - Prob. 2SWUCh. 11.2 - Prob. 3SWUCh. 11.2 - Prob. 4SWUCh. 11.2 - Prob. 5SWUCh. 11.2 - Prob. 6SWUCh. 11.2 - Prob. 7SWUCh. 11.2 - Prob. 8SWUCh. 11.2 - Prob. 9SWUCh. 11.2 - Prob. 10SWUCh. 11.2 - Prob. 1ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 2ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 3ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 4ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 5ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 6ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 7ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 8ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 9ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 10ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 11ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 12ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 13ECh. 11.2 - Solving a Differential Equation In Exercises 7-26,...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 15ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 16ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 17ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 18ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 19ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 20ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 21ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 22ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 23ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 24ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 25ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 26ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 27ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 28ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 29ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 30ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 31ECh. 11.2 - Finding a Particular Solution In Exercises 31-38,...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 33ECh. 11.2 - Finding a Particular Solution In Exercises 31-38,...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 35ECh. 11.2 - Finding a Particular Solution In Exercises 31-38,...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 37ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 38ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 39ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 40ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 41ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 42ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 43ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 44ECh. 11.2 - Radioactive Decay The rate of decomposition of...Ch. 11.2 - Radioactive Decay The rate of decomposition of...Ch. 11.2 - Solve the differential equation. Weight Gain A...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 1QYCh. 11.2 - Prob. 2QYCh. 11.2 - Prob. 3QYCh. 11.2 - Prob. 4QYCh. 11.2 - Prob. 5QYCh. 11.2 - Prob. 6QYCh. 11.2 - Prob. 7QYCh. 11.2 - Prob. 8QYCh. 11.2 - Prob. 9QYCh. 11.2 - Prob. 10QYCh. 11.2 - Prob. 11QYCh. 11.2 - Prob. 12QYCh. 11.2 - Prob. 13QYCh. 11.2 - Prob. 14QYCh. 11.2 - Prob. 15QYCh. 11.2 - Ignoring resistance, a sailboat starting from rest...Ch. 11.3 - Checkpoint 1 Worked-out solution available at...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 2CPCh. 11.3 - Prob. 3CPCh. 11.3 - Prob. 1SWUCh. 11.3 - Prob. 2SWUCh. 11.3 - Prob. 3SWUCh. 11.3 - Prob. 4SWUCh. 11.3 - Prob. 5SWUCh. 11.3 - Prob. 6SWUCh. 11.3 - Prob. 7SWUCh. 11.3 - Prob. 8SWUCh. 11.3 - In Exercises 5-10, find the indefinite integral....Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 10SWUCh. 11.3 - Prob. 1ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 2ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 3ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 4ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 5ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 6ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 7ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 8ECh. 11.3 - Solving a Linear Differential Equation In...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 10ECh. 11.3 - Solving a Linear Differential Equation In...Ch. 11.3 - Solving a Linear Differential Equation In...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 13ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 14ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 15ECh. 11.3 - Solving a Linear Differential Equation In...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 17ECh. 11.3 - Solving a Linear Differential Equation In...Ch. 11.3 - Using Two Methods In Exercises 19-22, solve for y...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 20ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 21ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 22ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 23ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 24ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 25ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 26ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 27ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 28ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 29ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 30ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 31ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 32ECh. 11.3 - Finding a Particular Solution In Exercises 27-34,...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 34ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 35ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 36ECh. 11.3 - Vertical Motion A falling object encounters air...Ch. 11.3 - Velocity A booster rocket carrying an observation...Ch. 11.3 - Learning Curve The management at a medical supply...Ch. 11.3 - Investment Let A he the amount in a fund earning...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 1CPCh. 11.4 - Prob. 2CPCh. 11.4 - Checkpoint 3 Worked-out solution available at...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 4CPCh. 11.4 - Checkpoint 5 Worked-out solution available at...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 1SWUCh. 11.4 - Prob. 2SWUCh. 11.4 - Prob. 3SWUCh. 11.4 - Prob. 4SWUCh. 11.4 - Prob. 5SWUCh. 11.4 - Prob. 6SWUCh. 11.4 - Prob. 7SWUCh. 11.4 - Prob. 8SWUCh. 11.4 - Prob. 9SWUCh. 11.4 - Prob. 10SWUCh. 11.4 - Prob. 1ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 2ECh. 11.4 - Advertising Awareness In Exercises 3 and 4, use...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 4ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 5ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 6ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 7ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 8ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 9ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 10ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 11ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 12ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 13ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 14ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 15ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 16ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 17ECh. 11.4 - Chemistry A wet towel hung from a clothesline to...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 19ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 20ECh. 11.4 - Biology A population of eight beavers has been...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 22ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 23ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 24ECh. 11.4 - Chemical Mixture A 100-gallon tank is full of a...Ch. 11.4 - Chemical Mixture A 200-gallon tank is half full of...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 29ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 30ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 31ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 32ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 33ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 34ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 35ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 36ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 37ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 38ECh. 11 - Prob. 1RECh. 11 - Prob. 2RECh. 11 - Prob. 3RECh. 11 - Prob. 4RECh. 11 - Prob. 5RECh. 11 - Prob. 6RECh. 11 - Prob. 7RECh. 11 - Prob. 8RECh. 11 - Prob. 9RECh. 11 - Prob. 10RECh. 11 - Prob. 11RECh. 11 - Prob. 12RECh. 11 - Prob. 13RECh. 11 - Prob. 14RECh. 11 - Finding a Particular Solution In Exercises 15 and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 16RECh. 11 - Prob. 17RECh. 11 - Prob. 18RECh. 11 - Prob. 19RECh. 11 - Prob. 20RECh. 11 - Prob. 21RECh. 11 - Prob. 22RECh. 11 - Prob. 23RECh. 11 - Prob. 24RECh. 11 - Prob. 25RECh. 11 - Prob. 26RECh. 11 - Prob. 27RECh. 11 - Prob. 28RECh. 11 - Prob. 29RECh. 11 - Prob. 30RECh. 11 - Prob. 31RECh. 11 - Prob. 32RECh. 11 - Prob. 33RECh. 11 - Prob. 34RECh. 11 - Prob. 35RECh. 11 - Prob. 36RECh. 11 - Prob. 37RECh. 11 - Prob. 38RECh. 11 - Prob. 39RECh. 11 - Prob. 40RECh. 11 - Prob. 41RECh. 11 - Solving a Differential Equation In Exercises...Ch. 11 - Prob. 43RECh. 11 - Prob. 44RECh. 11 - Prob. 45RECh. 11 - Prob. 46RECh. 11 - Prob. 47RECh. 11 - Prob. 48RECh. 11 - Prob. 49RECh. 11 - Prob. 50RECh. 11 - Prob. 51RECh. 11 - Prob. 52RECh. 11 - Prob. 53RECh. 11 - Prob. 54RECh. 11 - Prob. 55RECh. 11 - Prob. 56RECh. 11 - Solving a Linear Differential Equation In...Ch. 11 - Prob. 58RECh. 11 - Prob. 59RECh. 11 - Prob. 60RECh. 11 - Prob. 61RECh. 11 - Prob. 62RECh. 11 - Prob. 63RECh. 11 - Prob. 64RECh. 11 - Prob. 65RECh. 11 - Prob. 66RECh. 11 - Safety Assume the rate of change per hour in the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 68RECh. 11 - Prob. 69RECh. 11 - Prob. 70RECh. 11 - Prob. 71RECh. 11 - Prob. 72RECh. 11 - Prob. 73RECh. 11 - Prob. 74RECh. 11 - Prob. 75RECh. 11 - Chemical Mixture A tank contains 30 gallons of a...Ch. 11 - Chemical Mixture A tank contains 20 gallons of a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 1TYSCh. 11 - Prob. 2TYSCh. 11 - Prob. 3TYSCh. 11 - Prob. 4TYSCh. 11 - Prob. 5TYSCh. 11 - Prob. 6TYSCh. 11 - Prob. 7TYSCh. 11 - Prob. 8TYSCh. 11 - Prob. 9TYSCh. 11 - Prob. 10TYSCh. 11 - Prob. 11TYSCh. 11 - A lamb that weighs 10 pounds at birth gains weight...Ch. 11 - Prob. 13TYS
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, calculus and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A jumbo chocolate bar with a rectangular shape measures 12 centimeters in length, 7 centimeters in width, and 3 centimeters in thickness. Dueto escalating costs of cocoa, management decides to reduce the volume of the bar by 20%. To accomplish this reduction, management decides that the new bar should have the same 3 centimeter thickness, but the length and width of each should be reduced an equal number of centimeters. What should be the dimensions of the new candy bar?arrow_forwardAs the staff director of a new hospital, you are planning to hire a new cardiologist, rehabilitation specialist, and infectious diseases, specialist according to recent data each cardiology case averages $12,000 in revenue each physical rehabilitation case $19,000, and each infectious disease case $14,000. you judge that each specialist you employ will expand the hospital caseload by about ten patients per week. you already have 3 cardiologists on staff and the hospital will be equipped to admit up to 200 patients per week. based on past experience, each cardiologist and rehabilitation specialist bring in one government research grant per year, while each infectious disease specialist brings in three. your board of director would like to see a total of at least 30 grant per year would like your weekly revenue to be as large as possible b. solve the LP with the online solver. in a complete sentence state your solution to the problem. How many kind of each specialist should you hire?arrow_forwardCantwell Associates, a real estate developer, is planning to build a new apartment complex consisting of one-bedroom units and two- and three-bedroom townhouses. A total of 192 units is planned, and the number of family units (two- and three-bedroom townhouses) will equal the number of one-bedroom units. If the number of one-bedroom units will be 3 times the number of three-bedroom units, find how many units of each type will be in the complex.arrow_forward
- A large defense contractor is considering making a specialized investment in a facility to make helicopters. The firm currently has a contract with the government, which, over the lifetime of the contract, is worth 100mn euro to the firm. It is considering building a new production plant for these helicopters; doing so will reduce the production costs to the company, increasing the value of the contract from 100mn euro to 200mn euro. The cost of the plant will be 60mn euro. However, there is the possibility that the government will cancel the contract. If that happens, the value of the contract will fall to zero. The problem (from the company’s point of view) is that it will only find out about the cancellation after it completes the new plant. At this point, it appears that the probability that the government will cancel the contract is 0.45. Draw a decision tree reflecting the decisions and find the equilibrium.arrow_forwardin a hospital ward , the patients can be grouped into two general categories depending on their condition and the amount of solid foods they require in their diet. a combination of two diets is used for solid foods because they supply essential nutrients for recovery, but each diet has an amount of a substance deemed detrimental. the table summarizes the patient group, minimum diet requirements , and the amount of the detrimental substance. how many servings from each diet should be given each day in order to minimize the intake of this detrimental substance ? graphic and solution?arrow_forwardA preschool has Campbell's Chunky Beef soup, which contains 2.5 g of fat and 15 mg of cholesterol per serving (cup), and Campbell's Chunky Sirloin Burger soup, which contains 7 g of fat and 15 mg of cholesterol per serving. By combining the soups, it is possible to get 10 servings of soup that will have 34 g of fat and 150 mg of cholesterol. How many cups of each soup should be used? beef cups burger cupsarrow_forward
- The Wellbuilt Company produces two types of wood chippers, economy and deluxe. The deluxe model requires 3 hours to assemble and 12 hour to paint, and the economy model requires 2 hours to assemble and 1 hour to paint. The maximum number of assembly hours available is 24 per day, and the maximum number of painting hours available is 8 per day. If the profit on the deluxe model is $92 per unit and the profit on the economic model is $74 per unit, how many units of each model will maximize profit?arrow_forwardA pharmaceutical agency manufactures two types of vitamins, vitamin A and vitamin B. Each vitamin A tablet contains, among other things, 500 mg of magnesium and 40 mg of calcium and generates a profit of $0.10 per tablet. A vitamin B tablet contains 100 mg of magnesium and 400 mg of calcium and generates a profit of $0.05 per tablet. Each day, the agency has available 235 kg of magnesium and 156 kg of calcium for use. Assuming all vitamins made are sold, how many of each type of vitamin should be manufactured to maximize profit? Clearly write your objective function and constraints Please answer correct ASAP. I will really upvote. Thanksarrow_forwardThe Wellbuilt Company produces two types of wood chippers, economy and deluxe. The deluxe model requires 3 hours to assemble and 1 2 hour to paint, and the economy model requires 2 hours to assemble and 1 hour to paint. The maximum number of assembly hours available is 24 per day, and the maximum number of painting hours available is 8 per day. If the profit on the deluxe model is $98 per unit and the profit on the economy model is $78 per unit, how many units of each model will maximize profit?arrow_forward
- The Wellbuilt Company produces two types of wood chippers, economy and deluxe. The deluxe model requires 3 hours to assemble and 1 2 hour to paint, and the economy model requires 2 hours to assemble and 1 hour to paint. The maximum number of assembly hours available is 24 per day, and the maximum number of painting hours available is 8 per day. If the profit on the deluxe model is $96 per unit and the profit on the economy model is $78 per unit, how many units of each model will maximize profit? deluxe units economy unitsarrow_forwardA political mailing will have several pages on the economy, the military, and the environment. The total number of these pages in the booklet should not be greater than 110, including at most 20 pages on the economy. For the target group that will receive the booklet, market research suggests that there will be a positive impact proportional to 5 times the number of pages on the economy, a positive impact proportional to 3 times the number of pages on the military, and a positive impact proportional to 2 times the number of pages on the environment. The editor insists that the number of pages on the environment be at least twice as many as the number on the military. Find the number of pages that should be devoted to the economy, the military, and the environment. (Hint: Write the constraint involving environment and military pages in the form ≤0.)arrow_forwardThe owner of an orange grove must decide when to pick one variety of oranges. She can sell them for $24 a bushel if she sells them now, with each tree yielding an average of 6 bushels. The yield increases by half a bushel per week for the next 5 weeks, but the price per bushel decreases by $1.50 per bushel each week. In how many weeks should the oranges be picked for maximum return?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Calculus: Early TranscendentalsCalculusISBN:9781285741550Author:James StewartPublisher:Cengage LearningThomas' Calculus (14th Edition)CalculusISBN:9780134438986Author:Joel R. Hass, Christopher E. Heil, Maurice D. WeirPublisher:PEARSONCalculus: Early Transcendentals (3rd Edition)CalculusISBN:9780134763644Author:William L. Briggs, Lyle Cochran, Bernard Gillett, Eric SchulzPublisher:PEARSON
- Calculus: Early TranscendentalsCalculusISBN:9781319050740Author:Jon Rogawski, Colin Adams, Robert FranzosaPublisher:W. H. FreemanCalculus: Early Transcendental FunctionsCalculusISBN:9781337552516Author:Ron Larson, Bruce H. EdwardsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Calculus: Early Transcendentals
Calculus
ISBN:9781285741550
Author:James Stewart
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Thomas' Calculus (14th Edition)
Calculus
ISBN:9780134438986
Author:Joel R. Hass, Christopher E. Heil, Maurice D. Weir
Publisher:PEARSON
Calculus: Early Transcendentals (3rd Edition)
Calculus
ISBN:9780134763644
Author:William L. Briggs, Lyle Cochran, Bernard Gillett, Eric Schulz
Publisher:PEARSON
Calculus: Early Transcendentals
Calculus
ISBN:9781319050740
Author:Jon Rogawski, Colin Adams, Robert Franzosa
Publisher:W. H. Freeman
Calculus: Early Transcendental Functions
Calculus
ISBN:9781337552516
Author:Ron Larson, Bruce H. Edwards
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Use of ALGEBRA in REAL LIFE; Author: Fast and Easy Maths !;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_PbWFpvkDc;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Compound Interest Formula Explained, Investment, Monthly & Continuously, Word Problems, Algebra; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P182Abv3fOk;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Applications of Algebra (Digit, Age, Work, Clock, Mixture and Rate Problems); Author: EngineerProf PH;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y8aJ_wYCS2g;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY