Consider the following ionization energies for aluminum. Al( g ) → Al + (g)+e – I 1 =580 kJ/mol Al + ( g ) → Al 2+ ( g )+e – I 2 =1815 kJ/mol Al 2+ ( g ) → Al 3+ ( g )+e – I 3 =2740 kJ/mol Al 3+ ( g ) → Al 4+ ( g )+e – I 4 =11,600 kJ/mol a. Account for the increasing trend in the values of theionization energies. b. Explain the large increase between I 3 and I 4 . c. Which one of the four ions has the greatest electronaffinity? Explain. d. List the four aluminum ions given in the precedingreactions in order of increasing size, and explainyour ordering. ( Hint: Remember that most of thesize of an atom or ion is due to its electrons.)
Consider the following ionization energies for aluminum. Al( g ) → Al + (g)+e – I 1 =580 kJ/mol Al + ( g ) → Al 2+ ( g )+e – I 2 =1815 kJ/mol Al 2+ ( g ) → Al 3+ ( g )+e – I 3 =2740 kJ/mol Al 3+ ( g ) → Al 4+ ( g )+e – I 4 =11,600 kJ/mol a. Account for the increasing trend in the values of theionization energies. b. Explain the large increase between I 3 and I 4 . c. Which one of the four ions has the greatest electronaffinity? Explain. d. List the four aluminum ions given in the precedingreactions in order of increasing size, and explainyour ordering. ( Hint: Remember that most of thesize of an atom or ion is due to its electrons.)
Solution Summary: The author explains how the ionization energy of Al is determined by how effectively valence electron is held by the nucleus.
Consider the following ionization energies for aluminum.
Al(
g
)
→
Al
+
(g)+e
–
I
1
=580 kJ/mol
Al
+
(
g
)
→
Al
2+
(
g
)+e
–
I
2
=1815 kJ/mol
Al
2+
(
g
)
→
Al
3+
(
g
)+e
–
I
3
=2740 kJ/mol
Al
3+
(
g
)
→
Al
4+
(
g
)+e
–
I
4
=11,600 kJ/mol
a. Account for the increasing trend in the values of theionization energies. b. Explain the large increase between
I
3
and
I
4
. c. Which one of the four ions has the greatest electronaffinity? Explain. d. List the four aluminum ions given in the precedingreactions in order of increasing size, and explainyour ordering. (Hint: Remember that most of thesize of an atom or ion is due to its electrons.)
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Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell