Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The IUPAC name for the following alkane should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Naming
•Name an alkane by determining the number of carbons in the longest continuous chain.
•Assign a name from the compounds in the alkane series (e.g., butane, pentane, and hexane).
•Add the names of substituents attached to the longest chain, writing the name as a single word.
•Number the carbon at which the substituent is attached. Separate the number from the name by a hyphen. Each substituent must have a number.
•The substituents are usually given in alphabetical order, but assigned the number of the carbon to which the substituent is attached.
•Begin numbering at the end of 1°, the chain closest to the first substituent.
•Because they have some similar properties, it is sometimes convenient to refer to some organic compounds as 1° (primary), 2° (secondary), 3° (tertiary), and 4° (quaternary). A primary alcohol contains an alcohol functional group attached to a carbon that is, in turn, attached to no other carbons. A secondary alcohol contains a hydroxyl group attached to a carbon that is, in turn, attached to only two other carbons.
(b)
Interpretation:
The IUPAC name for the following alkane should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Naming Alkanes
•Name an alkane by determining the number of carbons in the longest continuous chain.
•Assign a name from the compounds in the alkane series (e.g., butane, pentane, and hexane).
•Add the names of substituents attached to the longest chain, writing the name as a single word.
•Number the carbon at which the substituent is attached. Separate the number from the name by a hyphen. Each substituent must have a number.
•The substituents are usually given in alphabetical order, but assigned the number of the carbon to which the substituent is attached.
•Begin numbering at the end of 1°, the chain closest to the first substituent.
•Because they have some similar properties, it is sometimes convenient to refer to some organic compounds as 1° (primary), 2° (secondary), 3° (tertiary), and 4° (quaternary). A primary alcohol contains an alcohol functional group attached to a carbon that is, in turn, attached to no other carbons. A secondary alcohol contains a hydroxyl group attached to a carbon that is, in turn, attached to only two other carbons.
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