EBK ESSENTIALS OF GENETICS
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134190068
Author: Palladino
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 12, Problem 24PDQ
Alternative splicing is a common mechanism for eukaryotes to expand their repertoire of gene functions. Studies by Xu and colleagues (2002. Nuc. Acids Res. 30: 3754–3766) indicate that approximately 50 percent of human genes use alternative splicing, and approximately 15 percent of disease-causing mutations involve aberrant alternative splicing. Different tissues show remarkably different frequencies of alternative splicing, with the brain accounting for approximately 18 percent of such events.
(a) Define alternative splicing and speculate on the evolutionary strategy alternative splicing offers to organisms.
(b) Why might some tissues engage in more alternative splicing than others?
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Alternative splicing takes place in more than 95% of the human protein-encoding genes with multiple exons. Researchers have found that how a pre-mRNA is spliced is affected by the pre-mRNA’s promoter sequence (D. Auboeuf et al. 2002. Science 298:416–419). In addition, factors that affect the rate of elongation by the RNA polymerase during transcription affect the type of splicing that takes place. These findings suggest that the process of transcription affects splicing. Propose one or more mechanisms that would explain how transcription might affect alternative splicing.
List three types of alternative splicing patterns and how they lead to the production of different protein isoforms.
Assuming alternative splicing can generate all permutations and combinations. How many proteins could a gene with three exons and two introns generate?
Chapter 12 Solutions
EBK ESSENTIALS OF GENETICS
Ch. 12 - CASE STUDY | A drug that sometimes works A...Ch. 12 -
CASE STUDY | A drug that sometimes works
A...Ch. 12 -
CASE STUDY | A drug that sometimes works
A...Ch. 12 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on the...Ch. 12 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on p. 215. These...Ch. 12 - In studies of frameshift mutations, Crick,...Ch. 12 -
4. The mRNA formed from the repeating...Ch. 12 - In studies using repeating copolymers, AC......Ch. 12 - Prob. 6PDQCh. 12 - Prob. 7PDQ
Ch. 12 -
8. When the amino acid sequences of insulin...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9PDQCh. 12 - Why doesn't polynucleotide phosphorylase (Ochoa's...Ch. 12 - Refer to Table 12.1. Can you hypothesize why a...Ch. 12 -
12. Predict the amino acid sequence produced...Ch. 12 - A short RNA molecule was isolated that...Ch. 12 - A glycine residue exists at position 210 of the...Ch. 12 - Shown here is a theoretical viral mRNA sequence...Ch. 12 -
16. Most proteins have more leucine than...Ch. 12 - Define the process of transcription. Where does...Ch. 12 - Describe the structure of RNA polymerase in...Ch. 12 - In a written paragraph, describe the abbreviated...Ch. 12 - Messenger RNA molecules are very difficult to...Ch. 12 - One form of posttranscriptional modification of...Ch. 12 - In a mixed copolymer experiment, messages were...Ch. 12 -
23. Shown in this problem are the amino acid...Ch. 12 - Alternative splicing is a common mechanism for...Ch. 12 - The genetic code is degenerate. Amino acids are...
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- A gene contains eight sites where alternative splicing is possible. Assuming that the splicing pattern at each site is independent of that at all other sites, how many splicing products are possible?arrow_forwardIS. Alternative splicing has been estimated to occur in more than 95% of multi-exon genes. Which of the following is not an evolutionary advantage of alternative splicing? Alternative splicing increases diversity without increasing genome size Different gene isoforms can be expressed in different tissues Alternative splicing creates shorter mRNA transcripts Different gene isoforms can be expressed during different stages of development.arrow_forwardA gene contains eight sites where alternativesplicing is possible. Assuming that the splicing pattern at each site is independent of that at all other sites, how many splicing products are possible?arrow_forward
- Consider the CT/CGRP example of alternative splicing. Which different types of alternative splicing patterns are represented?arrow_forwardWhat are the mechanistic similarities between group II intron self-splicing and spliceosomal splicing? What is the evidence that there may be an evolutionary relationship between the two?arrow_forwardThe following is the only intron sequence of a gene that will be excised during the maturation of the mRNA. But it is not spliced in some tissues, where alternative splicing pattern is seen. Will the amino acid of its protein product following this sequence change? Explain with an example. ATGATAGCCAGACTCGCAarrow_forward
- A mutant strain of Salmonella bacteria carries a mutation of the rho protein that has fully activity at 37°C but is completely inactivated when the mutant strain is grown at 40°C. a)Speculate about the kind of differences you would expect to see if you compared a broad spectrum of mRNAs from the mutant strain grown at 37°C and the same spectrum of mRNAs from the strain when grown at 40°C. b)Are all the mRNAs affected by the rho protein mutation in the same way? Why or why not?arrow_forwardTroponin is a complex composed of Troponin C (TnC), Troponin I (TnI), and Troponin T (TnT); the complex is found in skeletal and cardiac muscle, but not smooth muscle. Two "isoforms" of TnI and two "isoforms" of TnT are expressed in human skeletal muscle tissue. Q:The isoforms of TnI in the sentence above mean: A:One single TnI gene encodes two different TnI proteins as a result of alternative splicing of the TnI pre-mRNA. B:There are two different TnI genes, each produces a TnI protein.arrow_forwardWhat is meant by the term self-splicing? What types of introns are self-splicing?arrow_forward
- A. Do you have any mature transcripts that show alternative splicing? If so, give an example by naming two transcripts that differ in this way. If your gene does not have this difference, write "no". B. Do you have any transcripts that have an alternative transcription start sites? If so, give an example by naming two transcripts that differ in this way. If your gene does not have this difference, write "no". C. Do you have any transcripts that have an alternative termination sites? If so, give an example by naming two transcripts that differ in this way. If your gene does not have this difference, write "no".arrow_forwardSuppose that a 20-bp deletion occurs in the middle of exon 2 of the gene. What will be the likely effect of this deletion in the proteins produced by alternative splicing?arrow_forwardThe following is the only intron sequence of a gene that will be excised during the maturation of the mRNA. But it is not spliced in some tissues, where alternative splicing pattern is seen. Will the amino acid of its protein product following this sequence change? Explain with an example. ATAAGCCAGACTCAGCAarrow_forward
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