EBK ESSENTIALS OF GENETICS
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134190068
Author: Palladino
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 12, Problem 8PDQ
When the amino acid sequences of insulin isolated from different organisms were determined, some differences were noted. For example, alanine was substituted for threonine, serine was substituted for glycine, and valine was substituted for isoleucine at corresponding positions in the protein. List the single-base changes that could occur in triplets to produce these amino acid changes.
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When the amino acid sequences of insulin isolated from differentorganisms were determined, some differences were noted.For example, alanine was substituted for threonine, serine wassubstituted for glycine, and valine was substituted for isoleucineat corresponding positions in the protein. List the single-basechanges that could occur in triplets to produce these amino acidchanges.
When the amino acid sequences of insulin isolated from different organisms were determined, differences were noted. For example, alanine was substituted for threonine, serine for glycine, and valine for isoleucine at corresponding positions in the protein. List the single-base changes that could occur in codons of the genetic code to produce these amino acid changes.
Peptide Y is a polymorphic analogue of Peptide X. If peptide X with endorphin-like
property was produced and obtained from the blood and was sequenced using the
protocol:
Treatment with streptococcal protease gave a tripeptide and a tetrapeptide.
Treatment with trypsin gave two tripeptides and an amino acid.
Treatment of the 2 tripeptide products in 1.2 with 2,4-dinitrophenol gave DNP-
S, and DNP-E and a mixture of amino acids.
The composition of the peptide is G, E, S, and K in a 2:1:1:3 molar ratio.
Sanger products using ddGTP
Mononucleotide
Decanucleotide
Trinucleotide
12-nucleotide
Tetranucleotide
13-nucleotide
Pentanucleotide
14-nucleotide
Hexanucleotide
16-nucleotide
nonanucleotide
21-nucleotide
a. Using the table with the following Sanger products using ddGTP, what is the unique
base sequence of the template DNA coding for the polymorphic peptide sequence?
b. Peptide X is N-linked to a saccharide, with which amino acid in Peptide X is the
saccharide linked? Also show the…
Chapter 12 Solutions
EBK ESSENTIALS OF GENETICS
Ch. 12 - CASE STUDY | A drug that sometimes works A...Ch. 12 -
CASE STUDY | A drug that sometimes works
A...Ch. 12 -
CASE STUDY | A drug that sometimes works
A...Ch. 12 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on the...Ch. 12 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on p. 215. These...Ch. 12 - In studies of frameshift mutations, Crick,...Ch. 12 -
4. The mRNA formed from the repeating...Ch. 12 - In studies using repeating copolymers, AC......Ch. 12 - Prob. 6PDQCh. 12 - Prob. 7PDQ
Ch. 12 -
8. When the amino acid sequences of insulin...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9PDQCh. 12 - Why doesn't polynucleotide phosphorylase (Ochoa's...Ch. 12 - Refer to Table 12.1. Can you hypothesize why a...Ch. 12 -
12. Predict the amino acid sequence produced...Ch. 12 - A short RNA molecule was isolated that...Ch. 12 - A glycine residue exists at position 210 of the...Ch. 12 - Shown here is a theoretical viral mRNA sequence...Ch. 12 -
16. Most proteins have more leucine than...Ch. 12 - Define the process of transcription. Where does...Ch. 12 - Describe the structure of RNA polymerase in...Ch. 12 - In a written paragraph, describe the abbreviated...Ch. 12 - Messenger RNA molecules are very difficult to...Ch. 12 - One form of posttranscriptional modification of...Ch. 12 - In a mixed copolymer experiment, messages were...Ch. 12 -
23. Shown in this problem are the amino acid...Ch. 12 - Alternative splicing is a common mechanism for...Ch. 12 - The genetic code is degenerate. Amino acids are...
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- The protein insulin consists of two polypeptides termed the A and B chains. Insulins from different organisms have been isolated and sequenced. Human and duck insulins have the same amino acid sequence with the exception of six amino acid residues, as shown below. Is the pI of human insulin lower than or higher than that of duck insulin?arrow_forwardThere are a total of six different amino acid sequences for a tripeptide containing one molecule each of serine, valine, and glycine. Using three-letter abbreviations for the amino acids, draw the six possible sequences of amino acids.arrow_forwardThe endorphins are a group of naturally occurring neurotransmitters that act in a manner like morphine to control pain. Research has shown that the biologically active parts of the endorphin molecules are simple pentapeptides called enkephalins. Draw the structure of the methionine enkephalin with the sequence Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met. Identify the N-terminal and C-terminal amino acids. Bradykinin is a nonapeptide that stimulates smooth muscle contraction, dilates blood vessels, causes pain, and is a component of bee venom. Give the IUPAC name of the nonapeptide. Note: The selected photo is the sequence of Bradykinin.arrow_forward
- Sketch the titration curve for the amino acid alanine with pka1 = 2.34 and pka2 = 9.69.arrow_forwardA peptide with endorphin-like property was produced and obtained from the blood. This was sequence using the protocol: Treatment with streptococcal protease gave a tripeptide and a tetrapeptide. Treatment with trypsin gave two tripeptides and an amino acid. Treatment of the 2 tripeptide products in 1.2 with 2,4-dinitrophenol gave DNP- S, and DNP-E and a mixture of amino acids. The composition of the peptide is G, E, S, and K in a 2:1:1:3 molar ratio. a. Determine the sequence of the peptide? b. Determine the pl and position in an electrophoretic profilearrow_forwardA peptide with endorphin-like property was produced and obtained from the blood. This was sequence using the protocol: Treatment with streptococcal protease gave a tripeptide and a tetrapeptide. Treatment with trypsin gave two tripeptides and an amino acid. Treatment of the 2 tripeptide products in 1.2 with 2,4-dinitrophenol gave DNP- S, and DNP-E and a mixture of amino acids. The composition of the peptide is G, E, S, and K in a 2:1:1:3 molar ratio. What is the sequence of the peptide?arrow_forward
- Saccharide Y is a tetrasaccharide. To determine its linkages, glycopeptide X was exhaustively methylated, effectively methylating saccharide Y. Cleavage gave a polypeptide and the following products: 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-a-D-glucopyranoside acid, 2,3- di-O-methyl-ß-D-glucopyranoside, 1,3,4-tri-O-methyl-ß-D-glucuronic acid and 1,4,6-tri-O- methyl-ß-D-N-acetylgalactosamine. Further treatments to the isolated tetrasaccharide gave the following results: A. Treatment of saccharide Y with an a-1,4 glycosidase gave a trisaccharide and glucopyranose B. Treatment of saccharide Y with a 2,6-glycosidase also gave a trisaccharide and glucuronic acid. Draw the structure of the saccharide.arrow_forwardHistidine is an amino acid with three titratable groups: an -NH3+ group (pKa = 9.2), a -COOH group (pKa = 1.8), and an imidazole (amine-like) group (pKa = 6.0). The titration curve for histidine is shown below with four points highlighted. (a) Identify which point on the titration curve corresponds to the pKa for each of the titratable groups, and which point corresponds to the pI. Explain your choices. (b) Calculate the value of pI for histidinearrow_forwardPectin, which occurs in plant cell walls, exists in nature as a polymer of D-galacturonic acid methylated at carbon 6 of the monomer. Draw a Haworth projection for a repeating disaccharide unit of pectin with one methylated and one unmethylated monomer unit in α(1 -->4) linkage. Thank you.arrow_forward
- Indicate all the possible sequences for a tripeptide containing alanine, glutamine, and methionine; use the standard abbreviation for each amino acid (Ala, Gln, Met).arrow_forwardAn enzyme that catalyzes disulfide– sulfhydryl exchange reactions, called protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), has been isolated. PDI rapidly converts inactive scrambled ribonuclease into enzymatically active ribonuclease. In contrast, insulin is rapidly inactivated by PDI. What does this important observation imply about the relation between the amino acid sequence of insulin and its threedimensional structure?arrow_forwardTwo melanocyte-stimulating hormones have the following amino acid sequences. Take a highlighter or colored pencil, and figure out how much of the sequence the porcine MSH has in common with the human MSH (how much is conserved between the two species). beta-MSH (human): Ala-Glu-Lys-Lys-Asp-Glu-Gly-Pro-Tyr-Arg-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Ser-Pro-Pro-Lys-Asp beta-MSH (porcine): Asp-Glu-Gly-Pro-Tyr-Lys-Met-Glu-His-Phe-Arg-Trp-Gly-Ser-Pro-Pro-Lys-Asp One amino acid interrupts the parts you highlighted in each sequence. Which amino acid was it in each and which category does that amino acid belong to on your amino acid chart? this to make much difference for the cross-species function of beta-MSH (why?)? and Do you expectarrow_forward
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