Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 18RQ
IS. Alternative splicing has been estimated to occur in more than 95% of multi-exon genes. Which of the following is not an evolutionary advantage of alternative splicing?
- Alternative splicing increases diversity without increasing genome size
- Different gene isoforms can be expressed in different tissues
- Alternative splicing creates shorter mRNA transcripts
- Different gene isoforms can be expressed during different stages of development.
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Geneticists are studying a malfunctioning protein that causes impaired endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. They have noticed that the amino acid sequence of the protein is truncated compared to normal controls. The mutated mRNA strand is isolated, and analysis shows a nonsense mutation located near the 3' end of the coding region. The 3' terminal coding sequence of the abnormal mRNA strand is shown below.
5`- AUG-ACC-ACU-CCA-CUG-UUG-UUC-CAA-GGG-GAG-AGC-UAG-GUC-CGG-GGC-GGA-AAA-UUU-UAA-3`
Write down the tRNA anticodon responsible for adding the last amino acid?
Genes can be silenced through epigenetic changes that occur
Genes can be silenced through epigenetic changes that occur
at CpG islands located in RNA.
at the C-terminus of histone tails.
at lysines located in the nucleic acids sequence.
at regulatory regions in DNA.
a) What is a mutation in molecular terms? b) a mutation deletes a base in the genomic DNA discuss how that will affect the reading frame and expression product production.
Using the following list of codons describe, using diagrams etc., how information stored in
the DNA is translated into a peptide. Be sure to discuss all steps. In other words, use a diagram and give me sequences, transcription and translation steps. Show the sequences of the sense and the other DNA strand, the mRNA and the tRNA’s.
UUU -phenylalanine UCU -serine AUG –initiation/methionine
CUU -leucine ACU -threonine
GUU -valine UAA -Termination
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 16 - Figure 16.5 In E. coli, the tip operon is on by...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.7 In females, one of the two X...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.13 An increase in phosphorylation levels...Ch. 16 - Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells...Ch. 16 - Post-translational control refers to: regulation...Ch. 16 - How does the regulation of gene expression support...Ch. 16 - If glucose is absent, but so is lactose, the lac...Ch. 16 - Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus. Therefore, the...Ch. 16 - The a/a operon is an inducible operon that...Ch. 16 - What are epigenetic modifications? the addition of...
Ch. 16 - Which of the following are true of epigenetic...Ch. 16 - The binding of _____ is required for transcription...Ch. 16 - What will result from the binding of a...Ch. 16 - A scientist compares the promoter regions of two...Ch. 16 - Which of the following are involved in post...Ch. 16 - Binding of an RNA binding protein will the...Ch. 16 - An unprocessed pre-mRNA has the following...Ch. 16 - IS. Alternative splicing has been estimated to...Ch. 16 - Post-translational modifications of proteins can...Ch. 16 - A scientist mutates elF-2 to eliminate its GTP...Ch. 16 - Cancer causing genes are called transformation...Ch. 16 - Targeted therapies are used in patients with a set...Ch. 16 - Name two differences between prokaryotic and...Ch. 16 - Describe how controlling gene expression will...Ch. 16 - Describe how transcription in prokaryotic cells...Ch. 16 - What is the difference between a repressible and...Ch. 16 - In cancer cells, alteration to epigenetic...Ch. 16 - A scientific study demonstrated that rat mothering...Ch. 16 - Some autoimmune diseases show a positive...Ch. 16 - A mutation within the promoter region can alter...Ch. 16 - What could happen if a cell had too much of an...Ch. 16 - A scientist identifies a potential transcription...Ch. 16 - Describe how RBPs can prevent miRNAs from...Ch. 16 - How can external stimuli alter...Ch. 16 - Protein modification can alter gene expression in...Ch. 16 - Alternative forms of a protein can be beneficial...Ch. 16 - Changes in epigenetic modifications alter the...Ch. 16 - A scientist discovers a virus encoding a Protein X...Ch. 16 - New drugs are being developed that decrease DNA...Ch. 16 - How can understanding the gene expression pattern...
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- Are the following statements TRUE or FALSE?a. Post-transcriptional RNA processing occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.b. A primary RNA transcript is often much longer than the mature mRNA that leaves the nucleus.c. Both ends of a pre-mRNA are modified to facilitate RNA splicing.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true only for eukaryotic gene expression? mRNA is synthesized in the 3' ---> 5' direction. Translation of mRNA routinely begins before transcription is complete. The mRNA transcript is the exact complement of the gene from which it was copied. After transcription, a 3' poly-A tail and a 5' cap are added to mRNA. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region to begin transcription.arrow_forwardWhich of the following best explains how the prokaryotic expression of a metabolic protein can be regulated when the protein is already present at a high concentration? a.Repressor proteins can be activated and bind to regulatory sequences to block transcription. b.Regulatory proteins can be inactivated to increase gene expression. c.Transcription factors can bind to regulatory sequences to increase RNA polymerase binding. d.Histone modification can prevent transcription of the gene.arrow_forward
- Which of the following incorrectly describes the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic gene expression? A. Their promoter sequences are different. B. Their RNA polymerases are different. C. The ribosomal units are different. D. mRNA in eukaryotes is processed, but is not in prokaryotes. E. None of the abovearrow_forwardSelect four items that are involved in or related to transcriptional control of gene expression (in either pro- or eu-karyotes). -Slide nucleosomes around -control membrane hydrophobicity -methylate DNA -protein denaturation -TFIID and its friends -control mRNA stability -control protein stability -operator/repressor -dynamic instabilityarrow_forwardA disease is caused by having no functional protein produced from the kip gene. An individual has this disease but has no mutation in the kip gene. You look at other gene candidates that could result in no functional kip protein. A gene called D5 codes for a methyltransferase that methylates the kip promoter region. A gene called T3 codes for an acetylase that acetylates the histones in the region of the kip gene. Fill in the following blanks. In the situation described above, in which no kip protein is made, it is likely that the D5 gene has a mutation that ___________ the D5 protein or that the T3 gene has a mutation that ___________the T3 protein. Blanks can either be deactivates or activatesarrow_forward
- You are studying a mutation in mice, which acts dominantly. Mice that have only one copy of the allele carrying this mutation have a kinky tail phenotype. You identify the gene that the mutation affects and find that the codon that encodes the second amino acid in the predicted protein has been mutated to a stop codon. Would you characterize this mutation as a loss-of-function or a gain-of-function and what specific subtype (hypermorphic, antimorphic, etc. ) within these categories? Explain your reasoning.”arrow_forwardAlternative splicing a. increases the number of proteins made from one gene b. increases the number of primary transcripts made from one gene c. increases the number of exons d. increases the number of intronsarrow_forwardA genon wide analyst of human genome indicated that approximately 1500 genes encoded transcription factors that are important for sequence specific gene expression. based on this information approximately what percentage of the protein coding genes in human belong to the transcription factors? A. 15% B. 5% C. 7.5% D.1.5%arrow_forward
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