GENETIC ANALYSIS: INTEGRATED - ACCESS
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135349298
Author: Sanders
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 33P
The following hypothetical genotypes have genes A, B, and C corresponding to lacI,lacO, andlacZ but not necessarily in that order. Data in the table indicate whether
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For the lac genotypes of Escherichia coli shown in the following Table 1, predict the expression
of beta-galactosidase (Z) and permease (Y) is inducible or noninducible or constitutive. Explain
your answer.
Table 1
Genotype
I-P+O+Z+Y+
(i)
(ii) I+P+OCZ+Y+
(iii) ISP+O+Z+Y+
(iv) I+P+O+Z+Y-//I+P-O+Z+Y+
(v) ISP+OcZ+Y+//I-P+O+Z+Y-
Condition
No lactose
No lactose
lactose
lactose
No lactose
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Chapter 12 Solutions
GENETIC ANALYSIS: INTEGRATED - ACCESS
Ch. 12 - 12.1 Bacterial genomes frequently contain groups...Ch. 12 - Transcriptional regulation of operon gene...Ch. 12 - Why is it essential that bacterial cells be able...Ch. 12 - Identify similarities and differences between an...Ch. 12 - The transcription of -galactosidase and permease...Ch. 12 - 12.6 Is attenuation the product of an allosteric...Ch. 12 - The trpL region contains four repeated DNA...Ch. 12 - The CAP binding site in the lac promoter is the...Ch. 12 - What role does cAMP play in transcription of lac...Ch. 12 - How would a cap- mutation that produces an...
Ch. 12 - Explain the circumstances under which attenuation...Ch. 12 - Consider the transcription of genes of the...Ch. 12 - Describe the lytic and lysogenic life cycles of ...Ch. 12 - 12.14 Define antisense RNA, and describe how it...Ch. 12 - 12.15 Attenuation of trp operon transcription is...Ch. 12 - 12.16 In the lac operon, what are the likely...Ch. 12 - Identify which of the following lac operon haploid...Ch. 12 - Prob. 18PCh. 12 - 12.19 List possible genotypes for lac operon...Ch. 12 - Suppose each of the genotypes you listed in parts...Ch. 12 - 12.21 Four independent mutants (mutants A to D)...Ch. 12 - Suppose the lac operon partial diploid...Ch. 12 - What is a riboswitch? Describe the riboswitch...Ch. 12 - 12.24 A repressible operon system, like the trp...Ch. 12 - 12.25 What is the likely effect of each of the...Ch. 12 - 12.26 Suppose that base substitution mutations...Ch. 12 - 12.27 Two different mutations affect. Mutant...Ch. 12 - How would mutations that inactivate each of the...Ch. 12 - The bacterial insertion sequence IS 10 uses...Ch. 12 - For an E. coli strain with the lac operongenotype...Ch. 12 - 12.31 How could antisense RNA be used as an...Ch. 12 - 12.32 Section describes the function of tRNA...Ch. 12 - The following hypothetical genotypes have genes A,...Ch. 12 - 12.34 Northern blot analysis is performed on...Ch. 12 - Prob. 35PCh. 12 - Prob. 36PCh. 12 - 12.37 The electrophoresis gel shown in part (a) is...
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- For the genotypes and conditions (lactose present or absent) shown in the following Table 2, predict whether the expression of beta-galactosidase is inducible (I), noninducible (N) or constitutive (C). Explain your reason. Table 2 Genotype I*p*o°z+ Condition (i) No lactose (ii) (iii) (iv) I*P*O*Z+ I*P•O*Z* I$P*O°Z* Lactose Lactose Lactose (v) IP*0°Z+ No lactosearrow_forwardConsider the mechanism of the enzyme RNase: What would happen to the Km (i.e., would it increase, decrease, or stay the same) if the his12 was mutated to a lysine? Explain. What would happen to the Kcat (i.e., would it increase, decrease, or stay the same) if the his12 was mutated to a valine? Explain.arrow_forwardCTP synthetase catalyzes the glutamine-dependent conversion of UTP to CTP. The enzyme is allosterically inhibited by the product, CTP. Mamma- lian cells defective in this allosteric inhibition are found to have a complex phenotype: They require thymidine in the growth medium, they have unbal- anced nucleotide pools, and they have an elevated spontaneous mutation rate. Explain the likely basis for these observations.arrow_forward
- A particular type of anemia in humans, called b-thalassemia,results from a severe reduction or absence of the normal b-globinchain of hemoglobin. However, the g@globin chain, normally onlyexpressed during fetal development, can functionally substitutefor b-globin. A variety of studies have explored the use of thenucleoside 5-azacytidine for the expression of g-globin in adultpatients with b-thalassemia.(a) How might 5-azacytidine lead to expression of g-globin inadult patients?(b) Explain why this drug may also have some adverse side effects.arrow_forwardConsiderable effort has been directed toward determining the genes in which sequence variation contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes. Approximately 800 genes have been implicated. Propose an explanation for this observation.arrow_forwardYeast cells are grown with galactose as the sole carbon source and ATP levels are abundant. Describe and diagram how GAL1 gene expression will be changed (or unchanged) in 1) a ΔGal3 mutant and 2) a ΔGal4 mutant in comparison to WT. (Δ is a symbol for deletion.) WT: ΔGal3: ΔGal4:arrow_forward
- For each of the E. coli strains that follow, indicate theeffect of the genotype on the expression of the trpEand trpC genes in the presence or absence of tryptophan. [In the wild type (R+ P+ o+ att+ trpE+ trpC+),trpC and trpE are fully repressed in the presence oftryptophan and are fully expressed in the absence oftryptophan.]R = repressor gene; Rnproduct cannot bind tryptophan; R− product cannot bind operatoro = operator for the trp operon; o− cannot bind repressoratt = attenuator; att− is a deletion of the attenuatorP = promoter; P− is a deletion of the trp operonpromotertrpE− and trpC− are null (loss-of-function) mutationsa. R+ P− o+ att+ trpE+ trpC+b. R− P+ o+ att+ trpE+ trpC+c. RnP+ o+ att+ trpE+ trpC+d. R− P+ o+ att− trpE+ trpC+e. R+ P+ o− att+ trpE+ trpC−/R− P+ o+ att+trpE− trpC+f. R+ P− o+ att+ trpE+ trpC−/R− P+ o+ att+trpE− trpC+g. R+ P+ o− att− trpE+ trpC−/R− P+ o− att+trpE− trpC+arrow_forwardWhy is it adaptive for the structural genes for using lactose to be under the control of a single promoter (i.e., synthesize a polycistronic message rather than three monocistronic messages)? a. For efficient absorption and catabolism of lactose, structural genes send a single signal. This is why polycistronic message is favored more than the monocistronic message since the former involves transmission of numerous messages in initiation and termination. b. Polycistronic message is favored more than the monocistronic message. c. Polycistronic message is favored more than the monocistronic message since the former involves transmission of numerous messages in initiation and termination. d. For an efficient absorption and catabolism of lactose, structural genes send a single signal only. e. Polycistronic message is favored more than the monocistronic message since the former involves transmission of single message in initiation and termination.arrow_forwardSearching the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, researchers found approximately 4,000 DNA sites with a sequence which could potentially bind the yeast transcription factor GAL4. GAL4 activates the transcription of galactose genes. Yet there are only 10 GAL4-binding sites which control the genes necessary for galactose metabolism. The GAL4 binding sequence is CGGAT#AGAAGC*GCCG, where # is T, C or G, and * is C or T. In one chromatin immunoprecipitation experiment (ChIP), yeast growing on galactose were lysed, and subjected to cross-linking reagents which cross-linked transcription factors and activators to DNA. Next the DNA was sheared into small fragments, and antibodies to GAL4 were added. These antibodies coprecipitated the GAL4 and the DNA it was cross-linked to. The cross-linking was then chemically reversed, and the DNA was isolated, cloned into a library of plasmids and sequenced. Results showed that only 10 different DNA sequences had GAL4 bound. Since the…arrow_forward
- Scientists studied gene expression and phenotypes of the YJL213W gene in yeast to determine how phosphate was transported based on two different genotypes. The PHO84 locus of the gene is a phosphate transporter and the PHO4 locus is a regulator of genes that respond to phosphate availability. Two genotypes were compared and are shown in the graph: BY (solid black line, triangles) and RM (dashed line, Xs). Which of the following statements describes the correlation between the genotype, phosphate concentration, and YJL213W expression based on the data? A - In RM genotypes, a lower PHO4 activation level led to less YJL213W expression and a lower rate of phosphate transport. B - In RM genotypes, a greater PHO4 activation level led to less YJL213W expression and a lower rate of phosphate transport. C = In BY genotypes, a lower activation level of PHO4 led to more YJL213W expression and a higher rate of phosphate transport. D - In BY genotypes a greater activation level of…arrow_forwardFor the lac genotypes shown in the following table, predict whether the structural genes (Z) are constitutive, permanently repressed, or inducible in the presence of lactose. Genotype Constitutive Repressed Inducible I+O+Z+ * I-O+Z+ I-OCZ+ I-OCZ+/F=O+ I+OCZ+/F=O+ ISO+Z+ ISO+Z+/F=I+arrow_forwardExplain how the following mutations would affect transcription of the yeast GAL1 gene in the presence of galactose. (a) A deletion within the GAL4 gene that removes the region encoding amino acids 1 to 100. (b) A deletion of the entire GAL3 gene. (c) A mutation within the GAL80 gene that blocks the ability of Gal80 protein to interact with Gal3p. (d) A deletion of one of the four UASG elements upstream from the GAL1 gene. (e) A point mutation in the GAL1 core promoter that alters the sequence of the TATA box.arrow_forward
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