INTO TO CHEMISTRY (EBOOK ACCESS CODE)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781307892864
Author: BAUER
Publisher: MCG
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 12, Problem 38QP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
If there is no more production of chlorine-atom from CFCs, the problem of ozone depletion can be declined or not is to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Catalysts are the molecules that are used in the reactions to increase its rate without being actually consumed in the reaction.
Catalyst converter is used to reduce the emission from an internal combustion engine. Its main purpose is to catalyze a
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
arrange the following reaction accordingly
1 UV rays release the chlorine from CFC
1. Chloroflourocarbon is released from the earth's surface
2. chlorine destroy the ozone layer
3. CFC's rise into the ozone layer
4. formation of ozone hole allowing more UV to pass
through
Which of the following is not true?
1. When conditions are NOX-limited, the excess of VOCs in the atmosphere quickly oxidize available NO to NO2.
2. Reducing the concentration of NOX may lead to an increase in ozone formation when conditions are VOC- limited.
3. Smog episodes are not initiated during nighttime hours, because the hydroxyl radicals necessary to initiate the reactions are formed due to photodecomposition reactions.
4. Photochemical smog never occurs in areas without significant vehicle traffic and power plant emissions.
4. Metropolitan areas surrounded by wooded areas need to focus their smog reduction on limiting NOX concentrations due to the VOCs produced by surrounding trees.
Question 20 of 24
>
The 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was shared by Paul Crutzen, F. Sherwood Rowland, and Mario Molina for their work
concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone in the stratosphere. Rowland and Molina hypothesized that
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCS) in the stratosphere break down upon exposure to UV radiation, producing chlorine atoms. Chlorine
was previously identified as a catalyst in the breakdown of ozone into oxygen gas.
Using the enthalpy of reaction for two reactions with ozone, determine the enthalpy of reaction for the reaction of chlorine
with ozone.
CiO(g) + 0,(g) → Cl(g) + 20, (g) AHn = -122.8 kJ
(2) 20,(g) → 30,(g)
(3) 0,(g)+Cl(g)
(1)
AHxn = -285.3 kJ
→ ClO(g) + O,(g)
AHan = ?
kJ
AHn =
Chapter 12 Solutions
INTO TO CHEMISTRY (EBOOK ACCESS CODE)
Ch. 12 - Prob. 1QCCh. 12 - Prob. 2QCCh. 12 - Prob. 3QCCh. 12 - Prob. 4QCCh. 12 - Prob. 5QCCh. 12 - Prob. 6QCCh. 12 - Prob. 1PPCh. 12 - Prob. 2PPCh. 12 - Prob. 3PPCh. 12 - Prob. 4PP
Ch. 12 - Prob. 5PPCh. 12 - Prob. 6PPCh. 12 - Prob. 7PPCh. 12 - Prob. 8PPCh. 12 - Prob. 9PPCh. 12 - Prob. 10PPCh. 12 - Consider the following equilibrium:...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12PPCh. 12 - Prob. 1QPCh. 12 - Match the key terms with the descriptions...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3QPCh. 12 - Prob. 4QPCh. 12 - Prob. 5QPCh. 12 - Prob. 6QPCh. 12 - Prob. 7QPCh. 12 - Prob. 8QPCh. 12 - Prob. 9QPCh. 12 - Prob. 10QPCh. 12 - Prob. 11QPCh. 12 - Prob. 12QPCh. 12 - Prob. 13QPCh. 12 - Prob. 14QPCh. 12 - Prob. 15QPCh. 12 - Prob. 16QPCh. 12 - Prob. 17QPCh. 12 - Prob. 18QPCh. 12 - Prob. 19QPCh. 12 - Prob. 20QPCh. 12 - Prob. 21QPCh. 12 - Prob. 22QPCh. 12 - Prob. 23QPCh. 12 - Prob. 24QPCh. 12 - Prob. 25QPCh. 12 - Prob. 26QPCh. 12 - Prob. 27QPCh. 12 - Prob. 28QPCh. 12 - Prob. 29QPCh. 12 - Prob. 30QPCh. 12 - Prob. 31QPCh. 12 - Prob. 32QPCh. 12 - Prob. 33QPCh. 12 - Prob. 34QPCh. 12 - Prob. 35QPCh. 12 - Prob. 36QPCh. 12 - Prob. 37QPCh. 12 - Prob. 38QPCh. 12 - Prob. 39QPCh. 12 - Prob. 40QPCh. 12 - Prob. 41QPCh. 12 - Prob. 42QPCh. 12 - Prob. 43QPCh. 12 - Prob. 44QPCh. 12 - Prob. 45QPCh. 12 - Prob. 46QPCh. 12 - Prob. 47QPCh. 12 - Prob. 48QPCh. 12 - Prob. 49QPCh. 12 - Prob. 50QPCh. 12 - Prob. 51QPCh. 12 - Prob. 52QPCh. 12 - Prob. 53QPCh. 12 - Prob. 54QPCh. 12 - Prob. 55QPCh. 12 - Prob. 56QPCh. 12 - Prob. 57QPCh. 12 - Prob. 58QPCh. 12 - Prob. 59QPCh. 12 - Prob. 60QPCh. 12 - Prob. 61QPCh. 12 - Prob. 62QPCh. 12 - Prob. 63QPCh. 12 - Prob. 64QPCh. 12 - Prob. 65QPCh. 12 - Prob. 66QPCh. 12 - Prob. 67QPCh. 12 - Prob. 68QPCh. 12 - Prob. 69QPCh. 12 - Prob. 70QPCh. 12 - Prob. 71QPCh. 12 - Prob. 72QPCh. 12 - Prob. 73QPCh. 12 - Prob. 74QPCh. 12 - Prob. 75QPCh. 12 - Prob. 76QPCh. 12 - Prob. 77QPCh. 12 - Prob. 78QPCh. 12 - Prob. 79QPCh. 12 - Prob. 80QPCh. 12 - Prob. 81QPCh. 12 - Prob. 82QPCh. 12 - Prob. 83QPCh. 12 - Prob. 84QPCh. 12 - Prob. 85QPCh. 12 - Prob. 86QPCh. 12 - Prob. 87QPCh. 12 - Prob. 88QPCh. 12 - Prob. 89QPCh. 12 - Prob. 90QPCh. 12 - Prob. 91QPCh. 12 - Prob. 92QPCh. 12 - Prob. 93QPCh. 12 - Prob. 94QPCh. 12 - Prob. 95QPCh. 12 - Prob. 96QPCh. 12 - Prob. 97QPCh. 12 - Prob. 98QPCh. 12 - Prob. 99QPCh. 12 - Prob. 100QPCh. 12 - Prob. 101QPCh. 12 - Prob. 102QPCh. 12 - Prob. 103QPCh. 12 - Prob. 104QPCh. 12 - Prob. 105QPCh. 12 - Prob. 106QPCh. 12 - Prob. 107QPCh. 12 - Prob. 108QPCh. 12 - Prob. 109QPCh. 12 - Prob. 110QPCh. 12 - Prob. 111QPCh. 12 - Prob. 112QPCh. 12 - Prob. 113QPCh. 12 - Prob. 114QPCh. 12 - Prob. 115QPCh. 12 - Prob. 116QPCh. 12 - Prob. 117QPCh. 12 - Prob. 118QPCh. 12 - Prob. 119QPCh. 12 - Prob. 120QPCh. 12 - Prob. 121QPCh. 12 - Prob. 122QPCh. 12 - Prob. 123QPCh. 12 - Prob. 124QPCh. 12 - Prob. 125QPCh. 12 - Prob. 126QPCh. 12 - Prob. 127QPCh. 12 - Prob. 128QPCh. 12 - Prob. 129QPCh. 12 - Prob. 130QPCh. 12 - Prob. 131QPCh. 12 - Prob. 132QPCh. 12 - Prob. 133QPCh. 12 - Prob. 134QPCh. 12 - Prob. 135QPCh. 12 - Prob. 136QPCh. 12 - Prob. 137QPCh. 12 - Prob. 138QPCh. 12 - Prob. 139QPCh. 12 - Prob. 140QPCh. 12 - Prob. 141QPCh. 12 - Prob. 142QPCh. 12 - Prob. 143QP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- You probably know that on exposure to air silver tarnishes and iron rusts; but gold, stainless steel, and chromium do not change. Explain these facts, using the concept of stability.arrow_forwardSubstances that poison a catalyst pose a major concern for many engineering designs, including those for catalytic converters. One design option is to add materials that react with potential poisons before they reach the catalyst. Among the commonly encountered catalyst poisons are silicon and phosphorus, which typically form phosphate or silicate ions in the oxidizing environment of an engine. Group 2 elements are added to the catalyst to react with these contaminants before they reach the working portion of the catalytic converter. If estimates show that a catalytic converter will be exposed to 625 g of silicon during its lifetime, what mass of beryllium would need to be included in the design?arrow_forward11.74 The AQI includes six levels, including several that describe air that is not healthy to breathe. YYTiat are the possible advantages and disadvantages of proposing to collapse the AQI to only four levels?arrow_forward
- Silicon forms a series of compounds analogous to the al-kanes and having the general formula SinH2n+2. The first of these compounds is silane, SiH4, which is used in the electronics industry to produce thin ultrapure silicon films. SiH4(g) is somewhat difficult to work with because it is py-ropboric at room temperature—meaning that it bursts into flame spontaneously when exposed to air. (a) Write an equation for the combustion of SiH4(g). (The reaction is analogous to hydrocarbon combustion, and SiO2 is a solid under standard conditions. Assume the water produced will be a gas.) (b) Use the data from Appendix E to calculate ? for this reaction. (c) Calculate G and show that the reaction is spontaneous at 25°C. (d) Compare G for this reaction to the combustion of methane. (See the previous problem.) Are the reactions in these two exercises enthalpy or entropy driven? Explain.arrow_forwardThe following equation represents a reversible decomposition: CaCO3(s)CaO(s)+CO2(g) Under what conditions will decomposition in a closed container proceed to completion so that no CaCO3 remains?arrow_forwardA honeycomb-shape casing of the metals platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh), and palladium (Pd) in catalytic converters of automobiles cause more reactions to take place that produce less harmful gases without being affected by the reaction. These metals are catalysts because:arrow_forward
- # moles of c2h2 that will burn in the presence of 1.43 mol o2?arrow_forwardAmmonium perchlorate (NH4CIO4) is a solid rocket fuel used in space shuttles. When heated above 200°C, it decomposes to a variety of gaseous products, of which the most important are N2, Cl2, O2, and water vapor. a. Write a balanced chemical equation for the decomposition of NH4ClO4, assuming the products just listed are the only ones generated. b. The sudden appearance of hot gaseous products in a small initial volume leads to rapid increase in pressure and temperature, which give the rocket it thrust. What total pressure of gas would be REVIEW PROBLEMS FROM CHEM131 produced at 800°C by igniting 7.00 x 105 kg of ammonium perchlorate, and allowing it to expand to fill a volume of 6400 m³? Use the ideal gas law.arrow_forwardWhat is the relationship between each of the following factors and the reaction rate of temperature, concentrations of reactants, activity of catalysts, surface area, and pressure?arrow_forward
- i ezto.mheducation.com/ext/ Saved Module 1 Exam Packaged cake mixes usually contain baking powder, a mixture of sodium hydrogen carbonate and calcium hydrogen phosphate that react to produce carbon dioxide gas when they are heated in water. The CO2(g) formed allows the cake to "rise." When such cake mixes are used at high altitudes, often the cake will rise too much and collapse, unless special instructions are followed. Why does this happen? 12 Multiple Choice Due to the higher atmospheric pressure, a greater volume of carbon dioxide is created. Due to the reduced atmospheric pressure, less volume of carbon dioxide is created Due to the reduced atmospheric pressure, a greater volume of carbon dioxide is created. Mc Graw Hillarrow_forwardAccording to collision theory, which of the following events must occur for a reaction to take place? (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) The transition state must be formed The reacting species must collide in an orientation that allows for atoms to form the product(s) The collision must provide adequate energy for the formation of the new species Only the events described in choices B and C need to occur The events described in choices A, B, and C must occurarrow_forwardThe frequency factor in the Arrhenius equation can best be described as the probability that a collision between molecules will have the correct relative orientation for reaction to occur. a numerical description of the amount of energy needed by colliding reactant molecules in order to form products. a factor which corrects for the conversion between J and kJ. a numerical description of how often molecules collide with the proper orientation to react at a specific concentration. a numerical description of the amount of energy released by colliding reactant molecules when they form products.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Chemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage LearningWorld of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage LearningGeneral, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStaxChemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337398909
Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher:Cengage Learning
World of Chemistry, 3rd edition
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133109655
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285853918
Author:H. Stephen Stoker
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
Chemistry
ISBN:9781938168390
Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher:OpenStax
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305960060
Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemical Equilibria and Reaction Quotients; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1GiZzCzmO5Q;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY