Concept explainers
To discuss:
The meaning of electrical potential and resting potential; typical voltage of RMP.
Introduction:
All the living cells are polarized, which means that it has voltage. Any change in the concentration of charged elements from one point to the other is called as the electrical potential. The difference in charges across the plasma membrane is the resting membrane potential (RMP). The inflow of Na+ and K+ through voltage-gated ion channels creates
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Chapter 12 Solutions
LSC (CONCORDIA UNIV ST PAUL) BIO 315/316: B&N DPF Connect with APR and Phils Online Access for Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function 180 Day Access ENTRP
- The nervous system, the major anatomical and functional subdivisions. Three functional properties found in all neurons; define the three most basic functional categories of neurons List the six types of cells that aid neuronsarrow_forwardWhy the same neurotransmitter can have different effects on different cells.arrow_forwardA neuron receiving a large enough signal, a resting potential changes and produces electrical impulse called ___________.arrow_forward
- At __________ synapses, neurotransmitters hyperpolarize the membrane, by making it more permeable to K+ or moving membrane potential away from threshold (hyperpolarizing), and making generation of an action potential less likely; these are inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs).arrow_forwardElectrophysiology of the Neuron Phase State of lon Channels Movement of lons Voltage Across Membrane RMP Resting Membrane Potential Hyperpolarizing Graded Potential IPSP Depolarizing Graded Potential EPSP Depolarization Phase of Action Potential Peak of Action Potential Repolarization Phase of Action Potential Hyperpolarization Phase of Action Potential Return to RMP All voltage gated channels - CLOSED All chemically gated channels -CLOSED Voltage gated Na* CLOSED Voltage gated Na' OPEN Na+ and K+ leak channels - OPEN Na+ K+ pump working K+ Voltage gates close slowly Voltage gated K* CLOSED Voltage gated K* OPEN Cl- chemically gated channels- OPEN Na+ chemically gated channels-OPEN K+ chemically gated channels -OPEN 2 K+ pumped IN 3 Na+ pumped OUT K+ diffuses OUT Na* diffuses IN K+ diffuses out or Ch -70 mV to -56 mV -55mV to +30 mv -70 mV +30mv More negative than -70 mV +30mV to -70 mVarrow_forwardBe able to describe the resting membrane potential of a neuron what is possibly happening versus what is actively happening to maintain negative -70mvarrow_forward
- Neuromuscular junction, also called myoneural junction, site of chemical communication between a nerve fibre and a muscle cell. The neuromuscular junction is analogous to the synapse between two neurons. A nerve fibre divides into many terminal branches; each terminal ends on a region of muscle fibre called the end plate. Synaptic Cleft is the space between the presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic cell. It is roughly the size of 30 nm. The synaptic cleft allows the neurotransmitters to diffuse and reach the other side of the synapse or the neuromuscular junction. It also contains enzymes for the degradation of the excess or extra neurotransmitters. Embedded in the end plate are thousands of receptors, which are long protein molecules that form channels through the membrane. Upon stimulation by a nerve impulse, the terminal releases the chemical neurotransmitter acetylcholine from synaptic vesicles. Acetylcholine then binds to the receptors, the channels open, and sodium ions flow into…arrow_forwardThe structure of sensory and motor neuronarrow_forwardNeuron(key terms: dendrites, axons, electrical signals, communication) This feature of the neuron helps it do its job becausearrow_forward
- If a resting potential becomes more negative, the membrane is said to be __________.arrow_forwardNerve transmission and communication with other neurons. DI it restores the membrane potential the chemical that talks between one neuron and the other neuron the point between the neuron and the muscle transmits impulse to dendrite it carries receptors on its surface it produces the neurotransmitter 1. Neurotransmitter 2. Presynaptic membrane 3. Postsynaptic membrane 4. Nat-K+ pump 5. Neuromuscular junction 6. Axonarrow_forwardTrue/False - The action potential is always the same size, regardless of the strength of excitatory signaling that a neuron is receiving.arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning
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