Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 13, Problem 18TYU
Summary Introduction
To suggest: The reason why the majority of prokaryotes living today lost most of their introns during the course of evolution.
Introduction: Evolution is a process that introduces heritable changes in a population that passed over generations to generation by any change in frequency of an allele and change in genetic structure. Analysis of DNA by comparing the genome of different species reveals the process of evolution.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Because introns are present in all eukaryotes and a few prokaryotes, biologists hypothesize that introns evolved very early in the history of life. If that is true, suggest why the majority of prokaryotes living today lost mostof their introns during the course of evolution.
How did the discovery of ribozymes affect our understanding of the origin of life and the RNA world?
A) The discovery of ribozymes demonstrated that enzymes did not have to be proteins, and that RNA can store, transmit, and do biological work as an enzymatic molecule.
B) The discovery of ribozymes helped us understand why RNA only stores and transmits biological data, but does not act as an enzymatic molecule.
C) The discovery of ribozymes verified that enzymes had to be proteins. This discovery helped to eliminate other theories about the origin of life in RNA world.
D) The discovery of ribozymes demonstrated definitively that ribozymes function only as an enzymatic molecule and therefore evolved before information carrier molecules.
Which of the following are reasons why ribozymes are though to be the first molecules in the original forms of life?
a.
They can do molecular work
b.
They can self propagate
c.
They can create DNA
d.
Both a. and b.
e.
Both a. and c.
Chapter 13 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 13.1 - Summarize the early evidence indicating that some...Ch. 13.1 - Describe how Beadle and Tatums experiments...Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 13.1 - How did the work of each of the following...Ch. 13.2 - Outline the flow of genetic information in cells,...Ch. 13.2 - Compare the structures of DNA and RNA.Ch. 13.2 - Explain why the genetic code is said to be...Ch. 13.2 - VISUALIZE Sketch a simple flow diagram that shows...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 13.3 - Compare the processes of transcription and DNA...
Ch. 13.3 - Compare bacterial and eukaryotic mRNAs, and...Ch. 13.3 - In what ways are DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase...Ch. 13.3 - A certain template DNA strand has the following...Ch. 13.3 - What features do mature eukaryotic mRNA molecules...Ch. 13.4 - Identify the features of tRNA that are important...Ch. 13.4 - Explain how ribosomes function in polypeptide...Ch. 13.4 - Prob. 10LOCh. 13.4 - Prob. 11LOCh. 13.4 - What are ribosomes made of? Do ribosomes carry...Ch. 13.4 - What happens in each stage of polypeptide...Ch. 13.4 - A certain mRNA strand has the following nucleotide...Ch. 13.5 - Give examples of the different classes of...Ch. 13.5 - What are the main types of mutations?Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 13.6 - Briefly discuss RNA interference.Ch. 13.6 - Prob. 14LOCh. 13.6 - Prob. 15LOCh. 13.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 13.6 - Prob. 2CCh. 13.6 - Prob. 3CCh. 13 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 13 - What is the correct order of information flow in...Ch. 13 - During transcription, how many RNA nucleotide...Ch. 13 - The genetic code is defined as a series of...Ch. 13 - RNA differs from DNA in that the base...Ch. 13 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 13 - Which of the following is/are not found in a...Ch. 13 - Which of the following is/are typically removed...Ch. 13 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 13 - Suppose you mix the following components of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 13 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 13 - Compare and contrast the formation of mRNA in...Ch. 13 - Explain to a friend the experimental strategy that...Ch. 13 - Biologists hypothesize that transposons eventually...Ch. 13 - Prob. 16TYUCh. 13 - Prob. 17TYUCh. 13 - Prob. 18TYU
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- Experimental evidence strongly suggests thatthe protein portions of cytochromes have evolved more slowly (asjudged by the number of changes in amino acids per million years)than the protein portions of hemoglobin and myoglobin and evenmore slowly than hydrolytic enzymes. Suggest a reason why.arrow_forwardExplain why life on Earth is carbon-based rather than, for example, hydrogen- or oxygen-based.arrow_forwardWhat did the Miller-Urey experiment demonstrate? A. Life originated in outer space and was brought to Earth on a meteor. B. Complex molecules can be formed from water, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen gas in a reducing atmosphere. C. Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells following an endosymbiotic event. D. RNA was the genetic storage merial before DNA.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about the nucleolus is not true? a. The nucleolus is a membrane-bound structure. b. rRNA genes are transcribed in the nucleolus. c. Ribosomal subunits are synthesized in the nucleolus. d. rRNA molecules are chemically modified in the nucleolus.arrow_forwardWhich part of the ribosome in bacteria, forms the catalytic site for peptide bond formation? A. 16S rRNA B. 50S subunit C. 30S subunit D. 23S rRNAarrow_forwardPropose an evolutionary explanation for introns. Why might they have evolved?arrow_forward
- The mechanical changes that ribosomes undergo to be able to translate are driven by energy from: 1. ADP hydrolysis 2. GTP hydrolysis 3. Concentration gradient 4. ATP hydrolysisarrow_forwardWhich of the following refer to the component of the ribosome that has catalytic activity? I. Small subunit II. Large subunit III. 23S rRNAarrow_forwardCan you suggest a reason why ribosomes in all living organisms consist of two subunits and not one supramolecular complex?arrow_forward
- Many antibiotic drugs work by interfering with protein synthesis in bacteria that cause infection. Predict what happens to a bacterial cell if an antibiotic: A. Covalently bonds to the P site on a prokaryotic ribosome. B. t -RNA picks up the wrong amino acid.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true for the ribosomes (rRNA) found in Prokaryotic cells? They are a) made of DNA and protein b) the active site in carbohydrate synthesis c) subunits that are found in the cytoplasm and use mRNA as the directions for primary structure of protein synthesis d) found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum e) used to synthesize DNA by dehydration synthesis.arrow_forwardWhy can more organisms tolerate higher concentrations of sugar than salt? Please explain from both a. a molecular point of view b. an evolutionary point of viewarrow_forward
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