Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The products formed when 1,3-butadiene reacts with the given reagents are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Hydrogenation with platinum as a catalyst is a reducing agent and can be used to convert unsaturated carbohydrates to saturated hydrocarbons.
Potassium permanganate oxidizes hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide. Also hot alkaline KMnO4 oxidatively cleaves
Alkenes react with halides and undergo substitution reaction where halides replace the double bonds. The product stereochemistry is dependent on the stereochemistry of the reactant alkene.
Conjugated dienes undergo both 1,2- and 1,4-electrophilic addition.
The 1,2 – addition to a diene is the addition of electrophile to the carbon designated as 1 and the nucleophile to the carbon designated as 2 as shown below. But the positions of carbons as 1 and 2 are not according to the IUPAC numbering of the molecule but as a conjugated diene. The mechanism is similar with 1,4-addition.
The mechanism of 1,2 addition and 1,4-addition of hydro halogenation is given below.
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Organic Chemistry, 12e Study Guide/Student Solutions Manual
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