MICROBIOLOGY W/ACCESS
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781266808685
Author: Cowan
Publisher: MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 13.1, Problem 3AYP
Discuss how the Human Microbiome Project has changed our understanding of normal biota.
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Choose the false statement below.
Resident microbes in our gastrointestinal tract assist in our immune system's ability to recognize
future emerging infections that may be created by gene transfer into species of normal body
flora.
The Human Microbiome Project goals included examination of ethical implications of collecting
data on the human microbiome as well as development of techniques to create new vaccines.
Animals grown in the absence of bacteria provide evidence for the role of normal body flora in
development of the digestive and immune systems.
Question 15
Choose the false statement below.
An unborn baby is axenic but, upon delivery, acquires body flora via both oral and vertical
transmission but also via direct transmission from healthcare workers.
O The many species that provide humans with bacterial antagonism are also considered
opportunistic pathogens.
Unlike opportunistic pathogens, a true pathogen causes disease no matter how much inoculum
is introduced into the host.
This article highlights a young doctor at Elmhurst Hospital during the beginning of Covid-19 pandemic. Dr. Zikry is quoted as saying: “It’s become very clear to me what a socioeconomic disease this is...”. In addition, the textbook discusses the personal variables and socioeconomic status (SES) that are used to find patterns in disease (pp.112-118).
What do you think Dr. Zikry meant by referring to the SES of his patients? Why was it important to find a pattern of personal variables and SES among the of victims of Covid-19 at the beginning of the pandemic?
The Human Microbiome Project (HMP) is a US National Institutes of Health initiative that was launched in 2008 with a 5-year mission to generate resources enabling comprehensive characterization of the human microbiome and analysis of its role in human health and disease. As of October 2012, approximately 5,000 samples had been collected from 129 men and 113 women. Body sites sampled included the mouth, nose, skin, lower intestine (stool samples), and vagina. HMP researchers have calculated that more than 10,000 microbial species occupy the human ecosystem and that they have identified between 81% and 99% of the genera.
What microorganisms are identified in the vagina and their potential functions/roles of these microbial populations to human health based on the data
Chapter 13 Solutions
MICROBIOLOGY W/ACCESS
Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1AYPCh. 13.1 - Identify the sites where normal biota is found in...Ch. 13.1 - Discuss how the Human Microbiome Project has...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 2CFCh. 13.2 - Differentiate between a microbes pathogenicity and...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 5AYPCh. 13.2 - List the steps a microbe has to take to get to the...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 7AYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 8AYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 9AYP
Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 10AYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 11AYPCh. 13.2 - Draw and label a curve representing the course of...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 13AYPCh. 13.2 - List six different modes of horizontal...Ch. 13.2 - Define healthcare-associated infection, listing...Ch. 13.2 - List Kochs postulates, and explain alternative...Ch. 13.3 - Summarize the goals of epidemiology and the role...Ch. 13.3 - Identify why some diseases are notifiable, and...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 19AYPCh. 13.3 - Discuss the three major types of epidemics, and...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 21AYPCh. 13.3 - Prob. 22AYPCh. 13 - Prob. 1CFCh. 13 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 13 - A positive antibody test for HIV would be a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 13 - Prob. 11TFCh. 13 - Prob. 12TFCh. 13 - Prob. 13TFCh. 13 - Prob. 14TFCh. 13 - Prob. 15TFCh. 13 - Based upon data from the Human Microbiome Project...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2CTQCh. 13 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 13 - Prob. 4CTQCh. 13 - Prob. 5CTQCh. 13 - Prob. 6CTQCh. 13 - Prob. 7CTQCh. 13 - Prob. 8CTQCh. 13 - Prob. 9CTQCh. 13 - Prob. 10CTQCh. 13 - Prob. 1CCCh. 13 - Prob. 2CCCh. 13 - Prob. 3CCCh. 13 - Prob. 4CCCh. 13 - Prob. 5CCCh. 13 - Prob. 6CCCh. 13 - Prob. 1VCCh. 13 - Prob. 2VCCh. 13 - Appendix D provides guidance for working with...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- In terms of microbial pathogenicity, molecular Koch's postulates are a set of experimental criteria that show: A microbe is the aetiological agent of a disease A gene encodes a product that contributes to disease A gene encodes a product that contributes to immunity to a disease A mutation does not contribute to diseasearrow_forwardPick a specific microbiome (i.e. skin, mouth, gut, reproductive) and discuss interesting points and how it is important to human health/diversity/etc. Here you can discuss any aspect of the microbiome that you like. Whatever is of most interest to you personally for example the uniqueness of an individual’s microbiome or disease states due to disruptions in bacterial communities, etc. Find a recent (2015 or newer) primary research article that investigates some aspect of the microbiome environment that you discussed in question 2 and discuss the findings and how it has increased our understanding of the microbiome.arrow_forwardJust last week the Energy Department now seems pretty confident that the coronavirus came from a lab leak: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/26/us/politics/china-lab-leak-coronavirus-pandemic.html The textbook discusses how the environment is part of the epidemiologic triangle. What is the epidemiologic triangle? (Figure 10-2, p.210). Why does it matter where this coronavirus started? Do you have any theories about how the virus was transmitted to humans?arrow_forward
- Hello, please read the attached Microbiology question and answer both parts correctly. Please explain your answer. *If you correctly answer the question and its two parts, I will provide a Thumbs Up to you. Thank you.arrow_forwardCan we help those we love with their health issues by helping to modify their gut microbiota?arrow_forwardWhich of the statements about bacteriophage is FALSE: a) specialized transduction is a low frequency event b) may accidently package host DNA into a phage particle c) may perform specialized transduction d) only have a lytic life cyclearrow_forward
- The 2020 flu shot is an _____ virus vaccine made against three _____ of influenza predicted to cause this season's epidemic. A)attenuated; strains B)inactivated; strains C)inactivated; species D)attenuated; speciesarrow_forwardHello, please read the attached Microbiology question and answer correctly. Please explain your answer. *If you correctly answer the question, I will provide a Thumbs Up to you. Thank you.arrow_forwardWhy do you suppose microbiota transplantation is so effective?arrow_forward
- The following graph shows the trends in bacteria and viruses after they infect an organism. Part A: Explain how reproductive differences between these two pathogens attribute to the differences shown in the graph. Identify whether viruses are organisms and describe how this graph supports your claim. Part B: Most antibiotics target the cell wall of a pathogen. Use the graph to explain why antibiotics can be ineffective against some pathogens.arrow_forwardIn a few sentences explain why is the understanding of TRIM5a relevant to the discussion on emerging or reemerging infectious diseases?arrow_forwardGive an overview of the applications of microbial biotechnology that could help curb the spread of newly emerging diseases such as Covid-19.arrow_forward
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