Chapter 13.4, Problem 4CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

• The missing reagent was identified from the given following reaction. 

Concept Introduction:

Crown ethers are cyclical chemical compounds that consist of a ring containing a number of ether groups. The resultant cations often variety salts that are soluble in nonpolar solvents, and for this reason crown ethers are helpful in phase transfer catalysis.

The Williamson ether synthesis is a reaction to converts alcohols $\left(\text{R-OH}\right)$ into ethers $\left(\text{R-O-R}\right)\text{.}$ the first step in this reaction is forming the conjugate base of the alcohol (called an alcoxide) by reacting the alcohol among sodium metal. This reaction forms hydrogen gas $\left({\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\right)$ as a biproduct.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

• The missing reagent was identified from the given following reaction. 

Concept Introduction:

Crown ethers are cyclical chemical compounds that consist of a ring containing a number of ether groups. The resultant cations often variety salts that are soluble in nonpolar solvents, and for this reason crown ethers are helpful in phase transfer catalysis.

The Williamson ether synthesis is a reaction to converts alcohols $\left(\text{R-OH}\right)$ into ethers $\left(\text{R-O-R}\right)\text{.}$ the first step in this reaction is forming the conjugate base of the alcohol (called an alcoxide) by reacting the alcohol among sodium metal. This reaction forms hydrogen gas $\left({\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\right)$ as a biproduct.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

• The missing reagent was identified from the given following reaction. 

Concept Introduction:

Crown ethers are cyclical chemical compounds that consist of a ring containing a number of ether groups. The resultant cations often variety salts that are soluble in nonpolar solvents, and for this reason crown ethers are helpful in phase transfer catalysis.

The Williamson ether synthesis is a reaction to converts alcohols $\left(\text{R-OH}\right)$ into ethers $\left(\text{R-O-R}\right)\text{.}$ the first step in this reaction is forming the conjugate base of the alcohol (called an alcoxide) by reacting the alcohol among sodium metal. This reaction forms hydrogen gas $\left({\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\right)$ as a biproduct.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

• The missing reagent was identified from the given following reaction. 

Concept Introduction:

Crown ethers are cyclical chemical compounds that consist of a ring containing a number of ether groups. The resultant cations often variety salts that are soluble in nonpolar solvents, and for this reason crown ethers are helpful in phase transfer catalysis.

The Williamson ether synthesis is a reaction to converts alcohols $\left(\text{R-OH}\right)$ into ethers $\left(\text{R-O-R}\right)\text{.}$ the first step in this reaction is forming the conjugate base of the alcohol (called an alcoxide) by reacting the alcohol among sodium metal. This reaction forms hydrogen gas $\left({\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\right)$ as a biproduct.