Chapter 14, Problem 14.45P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nearly every compound of silicon has the element in the $+4$  oxidation state. In contrast, most compounds of lead have the element in the $+2$  state, from these statements the general observation has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation state:

The number of electrons lost or gain from an atom in the formation of molecule is known as oxidation number.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nearly every compound of silicon has the element in the $+4$  oxidation state. In contrast, most compounds of lead have the element in the $+2$  state, these statements has to be explained in terms of atomic and molecular properties.

Concept Introduction:

Ionization energy:

The required energy to remove an electron from the outermost electron from a neutral atom is known as ionization energy.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From group $\text{3A(13)}$ elements, analogous example for given statements has to be given.