Chapter 14, Problem 14.74QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction has to be completed by supplying the missing portion.

Concept Introduction:

Hydrolysis of Ester:

The reaction in which a bond is broken by the addition of water molecule is called as hydrolysis.

Hydrolysis of esters yields the carboxylic acid and an alcohol.  The heat is required to initiate the reaction and a small amount of acid ${\text{(H}}^{\text{+}}\text{)}$ is added as catalyst.

The general reaction of ester hydrolysis is shown below,

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction has to be completed by supplying the missing portion.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction has to be completed by supplying the missing portion.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction has to be completed by supplying the missing portion.

Concept Introduction:

Base-Hydrolysis of Ester:

Hydrolysis of an ester could also be catalyzed by the presence of a strong base.  The base-catalyzed hydrolysis of an ester is called as saponification.

The general reaction of base-catalyzed hydrolysis is shown below,

In case of base-catalyzed hydrolysis of an ester, the carboxylic acid does not exist.  The reaction results in the formation of salt of carboxylic acid containing the cation of the base catalyst.