Concepts of Genetics Plus Mastering Genetics with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (12th Edition) (What's New in Genetics)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134811390
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 14, Problem 28PDQ
List three different types of posttranslational modifications that may happen to a protein and the significance of each in the context of protein function.
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Briefly describe each of the following possible posttranslational protein modifications. Give an example of each.
Cross-linkage
glycosylation and phosphorylation
cleavage
assembly into polymeric proteins (> 1 polypeptide)
Which of the choices are types of posttranslational modifications a newly synthesized protein may undergo? Select all the
choices that apply.
changes to hydrogen bonding capabilities
formation of an amide bond between Cys and an isoprenyl group
removal of prosthetic groups
removal of the thiol group from a Cys residue
modulation of charges on amino acids
proteolytic cleavage
covalent attachment of oligosaccharides to Asn, Thr, or Ser
Why is posttranslational modification necessary for a protein to be functional?
Chapter 14 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics Plus Mastering Genetics with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (12th Edition) (What's New in Genetics)
Ch. 14 - Prob. 1NSTCh. 14 - A series of mutations in the bacterium Salmonella...Ch. 14 - HbS results from the substitution of valine for...Ch. 14 - Given that a faulty ribosomal protein is the...Ch. 14 - A couple with a child affected with DBA undergoes...Ch. 14 - Prob. 3CSCh. 14 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on the...Ch. 14 - CONCEPT QUESTION Review the Chapter Concepts list...Ch. 14 - Contrast the roles of tRNA and mRNA during...Ch. 14 - Francis Crick proposed the adaptor hypothesis for...
Ch. 14 - During translation, what molecule bears the codon?...Ch. 14 - The chain of eukaryotic hemoglobin is composed of...Ch. 14 - Assuming that each nucleotide in an mRNA is 0.34...Ch. 14 - Summarize the steps involved in charging tRNAs...Ch. 14 - To carry out its role, each transfer RNA requires...Ch. 14 - What are isoaccepting tRNAs? Assuming that there...Ch. 14 - When a codon in an mRNA with the sequence 5-UAA-3...Ch. 14 - Discuss the potential difficulties of designing a...Ch. 14 - Prob. 13PDQCh. 14 - Prob. 14PDQCh. 14 - The synthesis of flower pigments is known to be...Ch. 14 - The study of biochemical mutants in organisms such...Ch. 14 - Explain why the one-gene: one-enzyme concept is...Ch. 14 - Why is an alteration of electrophoretic mobility...Ch. 14 - Prob. 19PDQCh. 14 - Prob. 20PDQCh. 14 - Prob. 21PDQCh. 14 - Prob. 22PDQCh. 14 - Several amino acid substitutions in the and ...Ch. 14 - Define and compare the four levels of protein...Ch. 14 - What are the two common types of protein secondary...Ch. 14 - How do covalent disulfide bonds, hydrogen bonds...Ch. 14 - Prob. 27PDQCh. 14 - List three different types of posttranslational...Ch. 14 - Prob. 29PDQCh. 14 - How does an enzyme function? Why are enzymes...Ch. 14 - Prob. 31PDQCh. 14 - Three independently assorting genes (A, B, and C)...Ch. 14 - How would the results vary in cross (a) of Problem...Ch. 14 - Deep in a previously unexplored South American...Ch. 14 - Many antibiotics are effective as drugs to fight...Ch. 14 - The flow of genetic information from DNA to...Ch. 14 - Prob. 37ESP
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- The effect of base-pair substitution mutations on protein function varies widely from no detectable effect to the complete loss of a protein function. Why the functional consequences of base-pair substitution vary so widely?arrow_forwardExplain the term posttranslational modifications?arrow_forwardIn posttranslational modification, phosphates are attached to which 3 amino acids? - tyrosine - serine - proline - lysine - threoninearrow_forward
- A polyhistidine-tag or better known by its trademarked name His-tag is an amino acid motif present in the N or C terminus of proteins (recombinant) consisting of at least six histidine residues. Explain the importance of His-tag in protein work.arrow_forwardPost-translational modification of proteins refers to the covalent and enzymatic modification of proteins following protein biosynthesis. Give three (3) examples and briefly describe why the modification is important.arrow_forwardPosttranslational modifications serve several purposes. Discuss and give examplesarrow_forward
- Explain the type of posttranslational modification ?arrow_forwardWhat are the FOUR ways that protein function is regulated (function turned ON/OFF). Explain each.arrow_forwardMany blood clotting proteins undergo a post-translational modification in which specific glutamic acid residues (Glu) in the protein are converted to gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues (Gla). See reaction scheme below. An example is the blood clotting protein Factor IX, which has 12 Glu in its N-terminus converted to Gla. This modification gives Factor IX the ability to bind calcium and phospholipid membranes. Bacteria do not have the enzyme required to convert Glu to Gla and therefore Factor IX proteins expressed in bacteria would not have the proper modifications. How might you engineer the translational apparatus of a bacterial cell line so that it produces Factor IX with Gla in the appropriate positions. How would you ensure that only the 12 Glu in Factor IX that are normally converted to Gla and not just all Glu (Limit 5-6 senetnces)?arrow_forward
- Pompe disease is a rare genetic condition resulting from a deficiency of the protein alpha-glucosidase. The following three mutations are among the 100+ mutations known or suspected of causing the disease. Context is provided in parentheses. Provide a brief hypothesis as to why the change would be damaging to the protein. a.) L571P (located in a helix buried in the protein interior)arrow_forwardWhen glycoproteins are synthesized in the cell, at what stage of the polymerization of the protein are the sugar groups added: Prior to translation, cotranslationally, or posttranslationally?arrow_forwardExplain the posttranslational control ?arrow_forward
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