IA MODIFIED MASTERING BIOLOGY WITH E TEX
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780136781752
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 1.4, Problem 2CC
MAKE CONNECTIONS Ø The gene that causes sickle-cell disease is present in a higher percentage of residents of sub-Saharan Africa than among those of African descent living in the United States. Even though this gene causes sickle-cell disease, it also provides some protection from malaria, a serious disease that is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa but absent in the United States. Discuss an evolutionary process that could account for the different percentages of the sickle-cell gene among residents of the two regions. (See Concept 1.2.)
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Steven Frank and Laurence Hurst argued that a cytoplasmically inherited mutation in humans that has severe effects in males but no effect in females will not be eliminated from a population by natural selection because only females pass on mtDNA (S. A. Frank and L. D. Hurst. 1996. Nature 383:224). Using this argument, explain why males with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy are more severely affected than females.
Recall from our classes on molecular evolution that some proteins evolve more rapidly than others. For example, the oxygen-carrying protein myoglobin evolves more quickly than the D1 protein of photosystem II.
What explains this difference in the rate of protein evolution?
A. Proteins like myoglobin have evolved more recently than proteins like D1 and thus have been forced to evolve more quickly.
B. Changes to the sequence of some proteins can be tolerated as they don’t alter fitness; for other proteins, sequence changes are usually harmful.
C. In constrained proteins like D1, evolution results primarily from nucleotide changes that alter the amino acid sequence of the protein.
D. Protein evolution is dependent upon the rate of gene mutation and some genes have a higher rate of mutation than others.
Following a gene duplication, two genes will accumulate different mutations, causing them to have slightly different sequences. In Figure 8.7, which pair of genes would you expect to have more similar sequences: α1 and α2 or ψα1 and α2? Explain your answer.
Chapter 1 Solutions
IA MODIFIED MASTERING BIOLOGY WITH E TEX
Ch. 1.1 - Starting with the molecular level in Figure 1.3,...Ch. 1.1 - Identify the theme or themes exemplified by (a)...Ch. 1.1 - WHAT IF? For each theme discussed in this...Ch. 1.2 - Explain why "editing" is a metaphor for how...Ch. 1.2 - Referring to Figure 1.20, provide a possible...Ch. 1.2 - DRAW IT The three domains you learned about in...Ch. 1.3 - What qualitative Observation led to the...Ch. 1.3 - Contrast inductive reasoning with deductive...Ch. 1.3 - Why is natural selection called a theory?Ch. 1.3 - WHAT IF? In the deserts of New Mexico, the soils...
Ch. 1.4 - How does science differ from technology?Ch. 1.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The gene that causes sickle-cell...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.1CRCh. 1 - How could natural selection have led to the...Ch. 1 - What are the roles of gathering and interpreting...Ch. 1 - Explain why different approaches and diverse...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 1 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 1 - Which of the following best demonstrates the unity...Ch. 1 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 1 - Which of the following statements best...Ch. 1 - Which of the following is an example of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 1 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 1 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 1 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Based an the results of the...Ch. 1 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: EVOLUTION In a Short essay...Ch. 1 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Can you pick out the...
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- 2b)An ancient gene underwent duplication during the course of evolution to yield two chain genes designated as δ and ε genes. Jessica’s final year project deals with the metagenomic studies of anfH homologous genes from freshwater lake samples in Kampar Eastlake. She successfully cloned and sequenced two partial anfH homologous gene sequences.BlastX analyses revealed that one of the DNA sequences showed highestsimilarity to AnfH protein from a Brazilian soil bacteria isolate while the second sequence showed highest identity to the AnfH protein sequence of a bacterium that was isolated from Tonle Sap, a freshwater lake in Cambodia. To determine their evolutionary relationship, she subsequently constructed a phylogenetic tree using the corresponding protein sequences. Describe the steps that are required toperform the analysis.arrow_forwardEvolution in Humans 1) explain what evolutionary mechanisms are involved in creating variation in populations 2) define homology and analogy and discuss examples of eacharrow_forwardPLEASE ANSWER THE QUESTION AND EXPLAIN SUCCINTLY IN 2 SENTENCESarrow_forward
- MAKE CONNECTIONS In a region free of malaria, would individuals who areheterozygous for the sickle-cell allele be selected for or selected against? Explain.arrow_forwardOnce nuclear DNA sequencing became fast and able to handle sequencing ancient DNA, living humans were found to have some Neanderthal genes. Is this finding clear evidence that some early modern humans did indeed hybridize with Neanderthals? Why?arrow_forwardIf myoglobin is found in all chordates, urochordates, and cephalochordates, b-globin is found in all vertebrates, a-globin in all ostracoderm descendants, z-globin in all gnathostomes, e-globin in all viviparous mammals, and d-globin in all eutherian mammals, then the most recent globin gene must be: myoglobin, found only in descendants of the chordates, urochordates, and cephalochordates zeta-globin (z-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral gnathostome fishes epsilon-globin (e-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral marsupials beta-globin (b-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral vertebrates delta-globin (g-globin), found only in descendants of the ancestral eutheriansarrow_forward
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