Physics for Scientists and Engineers
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781429281843
Author: Tipler
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 14, Problem 79P
(a)
To determine
The fraction of energy decrease during each cycle.
(b)
To determine
The percentage difference between
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21. A simple harmonic oscillator of amplitude A has a totalenergy E. Determine (a) the kinetic energy and (b) thepotential energy when the position is one-third the amplitude.(c) For what values of the position does the kinetic energyequal one-half the potential energy? (d) Are there any valuesof the position where the kinetic energy is greater than themaximum potential energy? Explain.
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Chapter 14 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
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- Assume that a pendulum used to drive a grandfather clock has a length L0=1.00 m and a mass M at temperature T=20.00 °C. It can be modeled as a physical pendulum as a rod oscillating around one end. By what percentage will the period change if the temperature increases by 10°C? Assume the length of the rod changes linearly with temperature, where L=L0(1+T) and the rod is made of (=18106C1) .arrow_forwardThe amplitude of a lightly damped oscillator decreases by 3.0% during each cycle. What percentage of the mechanical energy of the oscillator is lost in each cycle?arrow_forwardShow that, if a driven oscillator is only lightly damped and driven near resonance, the Q of the system is approximately Q2(TotalenergyEnergylossduringoneperiod)arrow_forward
- An object of mass m on a spring of stiffness k oscillates with an amplitude A about its equilibrium position. Suppose that m = 300 g, k = 10 N/m, and A = 10 cm. (a) Find the total energy. (b) Find the mechanical frequency of vibration of the mass. (c) Calculate the change in amplitude when the system loses one quantum of energy.arrow_forwardCheck Your Understanding Identify one way you could decrease the maximum velocity of a simple harmonic oscillator.arrow_forwardWe do not need the analogy in Equation 16.30 to write expressions for the translational displacement of a pendulum bob along the circular arc s(t), translational speed v(t), and translational acceleration a(t). Show that they are given by s(t) = smax cos (smpt + ) v(t) = vmax sin (smpt + ) a(t) = amax cos(smpt + ) respectively, where smax = max with being the length of the pendulum, vmax = smax smp, and amax = smax smp2.arrow_forward
- A particle of mass m moving in one dimension has potential energy U(x) = U0[2(x/a)2 (x/a)4], where U0 and a are positive constants. (a) Find the force F(x), which acts on the particle. (b) Sketch U(x). Find the positions of stable and unstable equilibrium. (c) What is the angular frequency of oscillations about the point of stable equilibrium? (d) What is the minimum speed the particle must have at the origin to escape to infinity? (e) At t = 0 the particle is at the origin and its velocity is positive and equal in magnitude to the escape speed of part (d). Find x(t) and sketch the result.arrow_forwardGive an example of a simple harmonic oscillator, specifically noting how its frequency is independent of amplitude.arrow_forwardPlot a velocity resonance curve for a driven, damped oscillator with Q = 6, and show that the full width of the curve between the points corresponding to is approximately equal to ω0/6.arrow_forward
- Check Your Understanding Why are completely undamped harmonic oscillators so rare?arrow_forwardRefer to the problem of the two coupled oscillators discussed in Section 12.2. Show that the total energy of the system is constant. (Calculate the kinetic energy of each of the particles and the potential energy stored in each of the three springs, and sum the results.) Notice that the kinetic and potential energy terms that have 12 as a coefficient depend on C1 and 2 but not on C2 or 2. Why is such a result to be expected?arrow_forwardA simple pendulum with a length of 1.73 m and a mass of 6.74 kg is given an initial speed of 2.36 m/s at its equilibrium position. (a) Assuming it undergoes simple harmonic motion, determine its period (in s). (b) Determine its total energy (in J). (c) Determine its maximum angular displacement (in degrees). (For large v, and/or small /, the small angle approximation may not be good enough here.) (d) What If? Based on your answer to part (c), by what factor would the total energy of the pendulum have to be reduced for its motion to be described as simple harmonic motion using the small angle approximation where 0 ≤ 10°?arrow_forward
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